GEEMANV. 389 



L .5' 



^ GEliM 



ZuAC 



BREEDS OF CATTLE IN GERMANY. 



CATTLE IN HESSE-NASSAU AND PBUSglA. 





It has been fornid very difflcult, in the commercial city of Frankfoit-on- 

 the-Main and its neighborhood, to obtain any information and datsu rela- 

 tive to the number, races, properties, and condition of cattle in the prov- 

 ince, of which said city is the commercial center. The country around 

 Frankfort is thicklydotted with thrivingcitiesand villages, andthedivis- 

 ion of landed property has proceeded to such an extent as to make farms 

 or estates of a hundred or several hundreds of acres a rare exception. The 

 populousness of the country, moreover, insuring a ready sale of all the 

 finer and more delicate products of the soil, the raising of which is facili- 

 tated by a mild and equable climate, has tended to make the raising and 

 maintenance of cattle comparatively unremunerative. Thus it is, that 

 cattle^tefieeding and raising is comparatively unknown in the province of 

 Hesse-Nassau, and that one but seldom sees such herds of cattle as 

 abound on the extensive meadows of Northern Germany and theNether- 

 lands. 



The temperature of this city and province, although lyingentirely above 

 the 60th degree of latitude, is very moderate and equable, indeed. The 

 mean temperature duringthe thirty years Worn 1851 to 1880 was 9.Sj° Cel- 

 sius ; in the warmest year of those thirty years it was 11.3°, and in the 

 coldest 8.2°. The mean temperature in winter is 1.1°, in spring 9.6°, 

 in summer 18.9°, and in fall 9.8°, all of the centigrade scale. The highest 

 point the thermometer reached in the thirty years referred to was 36.6°, 

 on July 21, 1865, and the lowest 2 1 .3°, on January 7, 1861. The mean at- 

 mospheric pressure during said years was 753.4"'", and varied between 

 750.8"™ (in 1853) and 757.0"'° (in 1854). 



The province of Hesse-Nassau embraces the circuits of Cassel and Wies- 

 baden, and contains an area of 15,692 square kilometers, on which is 

 maintained a population of 1,554,376 inhabitants. The following table 

 will showthenumber of cattlein said province in theyearsl873and 1883, 

 as found by the official census, viz : 



Circnit ofCasselinlS73 270,001 



Circuit of Cassel in 1883 272,2(iU 



Increase in 10 years - 2,265 



Circnit of Wiesbaden in 18T3 206,367 



Circuit of Wiesbaden in 1883 219,450 



Increase in 10 years 13,083 



Total in the province of Hesse-Nassau : 



In 1873 478,633 



In 1883 489,451 



Total increase in ton years 10,818 



