420 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Hamburg exhibition, rattier overfed. Head, collar, and shoulder- 

 blades are very good, as well as the back, hips, and hind quarters. 

 Nevertheless, the breeders in the marshes, with only a single exception, 

 do not approve of this race. The extreme formation of fat at the root of 

 the tail is not desired in the interior. For that reason the Oldenburg 

 race is preferred. The thighs of the animal are highly developed, as well 

 as the form of the breast, together with slender horn and bone for- 

 mation. The standing of the hind legs is good, with normal ankle- 

 bones or spring-joints. This animal is easily fattened, but the milk-tokens 

 leave something to wish for. To this animal a first prize was awarded 

 at the exhibition at Hamburg. The picture has the same fault as the 

 others. The waiter, as well as the photographer, did not know what 

 l;hey were about; otherwise the head of the cow would not have been 

 held as represented, the backbone receiving thereby an appearance as 

 if it was not straight-lined. Color is white ^nd brownish red. 



No. 4 of the photographs is a prominent bull of the Oldenburg or 

 Budjadiuger race. The picture does not do justice in this case. The 

 animal's head is kept far too high and out of place by its waiter, through 

 which the backbone does not show the straight line it really possesses 

 by nature. The standing of the hind legs is a normal one, the form of 

 the thighs perfect, as also the form of the breast. The form of the head 

 answers the original Oldenburg type ; shoulders, back, hips, and the 

 form of the hind quarters or croup are good, whereas the ribs might 

 have been of a more round or barrel form. In general the cows of this 

 breed combine good milking with fattening qualities. Color black and 

 white, white legs, with white star on forehead. 



No. 5 of the accompanying photographs represents a heifer about 

 three and a half years old, by Magnate, out of an Oldenburg cow, pure 

 Oldenburg breed. The form of the neck and head scarcely answers the 

 requirements of the herd-book union. The neck is short and thick; 

 head rather full and heavy; back and form of ribs good, as also the 

 form of the hips and of the hind quarters or croup ; the thighs aresatis- 

 factory, but the breast is too much trussed up. The ankles or spring- 

 joints are good, whereas the breast might have been a little deeper and 

 finer ; the signs of easy fattening are more prominent than those of milk. 

 Color white and black, with blase on the forehead. 



No. 6 represents a bull of the East Frisian race, three years old, born 

 near Jemgum, East Friesland; is a good specimen of its race. Shows, by 

 the unlucky position in which the head is kept, a slight downward 

 curving in the backbone, which in nature is not the case; the animal 

 otherwise presents itself favorably, and its offspring, according to the 

 statement of its owner, are renowned for being fed fat and showing 

 good milk-tokens. Color black and white, four white legs, and a blase 

 on the forehead. 



No. 7 of the accompanying photographs, a Polled Angus bull, im- 

 ported from England, is kept on an estate in the south of Holstein. 

 The farmers in the marsh do not approve of this race, wherefore its intro- 

 duction here, though tried several times, did not succeed. The picture 

 shows the bull very favorably, but also shows far too many corners on 

 the fore part of the hind legs. The picture is mentioned here only to 

 show the difiaerence between the several races. Color black, with 

 rather mouse-colored hind legs. 



By the kindness of L. Vissering, esq.. King's counselor of the agri- 

 cultural department and president of the principal agricultural society 

 of East Friesland, at Dornum, I am enabled to present the photo- 

 graphs of cattle bred in East Friesland, Nos. 8, 9, and 10, herewith. 



