442 CATTLE AND DAIRY FAEMING. 



per cent, of the rranTjif5h breed, and 47J per cent, of the Glau breed. 

 It is difficult to say what percentage is bred for the dairy, because the 

 stocks have for a long time been selected with quite as much reference 

 to their powers as draft-animals as to their dairy qualities. All 

 through the rural districts the cow must be a good draft-auirdal, and 

 then the more milk she gives, the better. It cannot be said that posi- 

 tively bad results have attended this method of selecting cattle, for, 

 while the cows quite generally supersede oxen and horses in farm-work 

 and in miscellaneous drawing, they yield a good average quantity of 

 rather rich milk. The stock of cattle is just about equal to the home 

 demand for food, but that is because the people are large bread-eaters 

 rather than great meat-eaters. The most of the meat is eaten in the 

 villages and large towns. The flesh is fairly good, but it is not remark- 

 able either for its sweetness or its juiciness. The demand for beef is 

 lessened by the amount of sausage and other swine-flesh that is con- 

 sumed. 



The accompanying table presents the main facts of this report in a 

 more comi>act form. 



GEOKGE P. MOSHEE, 



Consul. 



United States Consulate, 



Sonneberg, November 10, 1883. ' 



SPECIAL STATISTICS CONCEKNING THURINGIAN CATTLE. 



AUgauer, Heilbronncr, Fianlsisli, and Glau, all going under collective name of 

 FranKisU cattle. The annual average production of milk is 4,800 pounds ; 10 to 12 

 quarts make 1 pound butter, and 10 to 12 quarts make 5 pounds cheese. The size at 

 maturity is : Cow, 142 centimeters ; hull, 149 centimeters ; ox, 152* centimeters. Live 

 ■weight is : Cow, 750 ; bull, 1,250 ; ox, 1,300. Age at maturity, 5 years. Weight of meat 

 atmaiurity: Cow, 4fc0; ox, 1,000; bull, 950. Color, dark brown to yellowish. De- 

 scription: Head short and wide; eyes bright; horns short, smooth, whitish, with 

 black points ; nock short and stout ; back strong, long, and level ; ribs barrel-shaped ; 

 body <leep ; rump heavy ; tail slender ; bag long, squarish, and clean ; teats long and 

 flattish. Pure breeding not successful and hardly exists. Cross between Simmen- 

 thaler and Prankish probably one hundred and fifty years. Origin of breed is Swiss 

 through Frankish or Bavarian channel. Product : LaboT) |500 to |2,500; meat, $75; 

 milk, |1,056 ; butter, $792. 



'Sopoi/raphy : Altitude, 1,350 feet; mean temperature, 6.5° E^aumnr; summer, June 

 to August 13.72° E. ; winter, December to February, —0.73° E. 



Substratum : Porphyry and clay, slate, gravel, &c. 



Cullivated grasses : Timothy, red clover, and lucern. 



The cattle are housed in stone barn, stone floor. The equivalent of 25 pounds of 

 hay, daily (hay, chopped straw, scalded food), is the food. Breeding not carefully at- 

 tended to. Stock is handled rudely and not with care to best results. Flesh con 

 sumed in district. Milk and butter sold at market or consumed at home. 



VOIGTLAND CATTLE. 



RErOBT BY CONSUL BULLOCK, OF ANNABBB6. 



In Saxon-Voigtland, in the consular district of Annaberg, cattle- 

 raisers give much attention to the Voigtland race of cattle, which 

 long experience has proven to be well suited to the climatic conditidtis 

 prevailing here. This breed of cattle has its home in Saxon and Ba- 

 varian- Voigtland, that is , in Southwest Saxony and the Bavarian Ober- 



• From ground to to n of fore slinul d nr. 



