, ■ GERMANY. 447 



It takes 10 liters of their milk to make 1 pound of butter. According 

 to a comparative trial made in Saxony the AUgauer cows produced 29.3S 

 liters, the Holland cows 25.26 liters, and the Saxon cows only 23.16 li- 

 ters of milk to every 100 pounds of hay, or its equivalent, consumed. 

 The meat of the Allgauer breed, on the other hand, is less valuable than 

 that of the other breeds mentioned, its fiber being coarse, dry, quite 

 red, and very tough. 



THE LIMBXJEGEE BREED. 



Under this title two breeds exist, one originating in the province of 

 Limburg, in Belgium, the other, and the oue which this report more 

 properly concerns, in the neighborhood of Schwabisch Hall, in Wurtem- 

 berg. This latter breed is found most in use in the vicinity of Gaildorf, 

 Aalen, Gmund, and on theestates of Count a'oh Eechberg and Baron von 

 Wollwarth. Their color is tawny-yellow, pea-yellow, and silver-yellow 

 (silberfalb), mostly without any marks; the skin is flne„sothatit not 

 only falls in graceful folds upon the neck, but also frequently in trans- 

 verse folds. As distinguishing marks of the race may be mentioned 

 yellow horns and hoofs; as well as flesh-colored and almost hairless skin 

 around the eyes. The head is long, narrow, light, and in many cases 

 with curved profile; the horns flue, ronndj and in most cases projecting 

 upwards and forwards. The chest is but little developed ; the shanks 

 generally flat, with but few muscles, and ungainly in shape. It is a 

 light country breed, giving a good yield of milk, and, moreover, notice- 

 able on account of the fine fiber of its beef. The cows are very small in 

 comparison with the oxen bred from them, weighing only 600 to 700 

 pounds, while the oxen weigh as high as 1,500 to 1,600 pounds on the 

 hoof. The cows give about 1,800 liters of milk per annum, 10 pounds 

 of the milk giving about 1 J pounds of butter. 



THE NECKAR BREED. 



This is a race special to Wurtemberg, having its origin in the neigh- 

 borhood of Heilbronn on the Keckar, whither, as long ago as the end of 

 the last century, bulls were imported from Bern for crossing with the 

 native stock, but later this crossing was carried on in such a manner 

 that an especialValue came to be attached to the thoroughly red cattle, 

 resulting in the development of an intermediate breed, rarely parti- 

 colored, which now widely exists in the counties of Heilbronn, Neckar- 

 sulm, and Leonberg. It was formerly much easier to obtain cattle of 

 the single color from the Simmenthal region, inasmuch as here, as 

 everywhere, the efi'ect of prevailing fashion iti cattle-breeding made 

 itself felt, though, of course, limited somewhat with reference to the 

 animal's usefulness. Thus, for instance, Rychner relates that formerly 

 in the Canton Bern only. red cattle were in demand, while later, a de- 

 mand suddenly sprung up for parti-colored ones, even though the latter 

 were prejudicial to trade. Formerly only delicately made cattle were 

 soughtfor ; afterwards they could notbefound coarse enough. Foryears 

 past the Neckar breed has maintained its pure red color, with a large and 

 somewhat heavy body and low belly. Its form, as regards the head. and 

 horns, is lighter than is found in the breeds sired from Swiss bulls. 

 The folds of the flesh are thick ; the breast finely developed, and the 

 haunches regular, with a much better caudal bone than is found in the 

 Siinmenthalers. The bones are short, the hind legs somewhat curved, 



