464 CATTLE AND DAIEY FAEMING, 



CHAEACTEKISTirS OF WUETEMBEEG CATTLE. 



The characteristics, productiveness, &c., of the Simmenthaler and 

 Allganer breeds of cattle and their respective. crossings areas fol- 

 lows: 



Simmenthaler and (yrossings.— Their color is red and yellowish brown ; brown and 

 white speckled, and wheat-bread colored. The head is strong and broad; neck short 

 and broad; horns often rather heavy; back straight; caudal bone often high; belly 

 deep and well rounded; chest wide; legs well formed and strong. Bred pure in 

 Hohenheim since 1835. Origin, Canton Bern, Switzerland. This breed arrive at 

 maturity at three years of age, when the weight of meat is from 48 to 60 per cent, of 

 live weight. " They are excellent for draft purposes and capable of doing a large 

 amount of work. The meat is rather coarse fibered, but good. The siie of the cow at 

 maturity is as follows: Height, 1.45 meters; length, 2.24 meters; haunches, .66 me- 

 ter. The bull: Height, 1.50 meters; length, 2.30 meters; haunches, .88 meter. The 

 ox varies greatly. The weight of the cow is from 350 to 700 kilograms ; bull, from 

 500 to 1,000 kilograms ; ox, 500 to 1,000 kilograms. The annual average product of 

 milk is from 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms, of excellent quality, 25 to 30 kilograms pro- 

 ducing 1 pound of butter. Cheese of excellent quality is made ; 11 kilograms of milk 

 producing 1 kilogram of cheese. 



Allgauer and crossings, — Brown, grayish brown, with light streaks around the 

 mouth and over the back. Fine bone; the body small, biit well shaped; head short 

 and broad; horns, light; back straight ; legs well formed. Originally from the west- 

 ern part of the Tyrol. Mature at three years of age, when the weight of meat is from 

 50 to 60 per cent, of live weight. Good powers of endurance. The meat is finer than 

 the Simmenthaler. Their size is as follows^ Cow, 1.24 meters high ; 1.94 meters long, 

 and haunches, .54 meter; bull, 1.40 meters high; 2 meters long, and haunches .60 me- 

 ter ; ox, varing greatly. Weight : cow, 300 to 500 kilograms ; bull, 400 to 700 kilo- 

 grams ; ox, 400 to 600 kilograms. The annual average production of milk is from 

 2,100 to 2,400 kilograms; 20 to 22 kilograms producing 1 kilogram of butter; 9 kilo- 

 grams of milk producing 1 kilogram of cheese. The milk and cheese are of very good 

 «[nality. 



CATTLE BREEDS OF BADEN. 



BEFOST BY CONSUL SALLOW, OF KEHL. 



♦The three best varieties of cattle existing in the Grand Duchy of Ba- 

 den are the Messkirch cattle, the Baar cattle, and the Black Forest 

 cattle. 



MESSKIECH CATTLE. 



The finest breed of Baden is the Messkirch cattle. 

 ^ The district of Messkirch belongs to that hilly part of Southern Ba- 

 d*en which extends from the Lake of Constance to the Swabian Alp. 

 The chief town of this district is Messkirch, with 2,000 inhabitants. 

 The Swabian Alp, with parts of the Black Forest, forms a plateau 

 which is called the Heuberg. This chain of hills has an altitude of 

 about 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. The soil consists, princi- 

 pally, of gray and yellowish limestone. There is a great scarcity of 

 water, on account of the many crevasses in the ground, which absorb 

 the rains and prevent the formation of sources. The climate is that of 

 an unsheltered highland. The height of the barometer is 26.3 Paris 

 inches. The average temperature during the year is +6.35° Celsius- 

 the warmest month is July, with an average temperature of -f 15 26° 

 Celsius ; the coldest month is January, with —2.67° C. From the fore- 

 going it will be seen that the climate is quite severe, bat, notwithstand- 

 ing, it is advantageous for cattle-breeding. This circumstance is at- 

 tributed to the calciferous nature of the ground. The original cattle of 



