474 



CATTLE AND DAlRV FARMING. 



Unless stall-fed oatf le were, sent to Baden ilie meat would be objected 

 1o by Badcners, who prefer lean stall-fed meat. Consequently the ex- 

 portation of American cattle to Baden has not taken place. 



For tbe transportation of cattle tlie best and usual method in Germany 

 is by rail. Cattle are fed and watered in the rail wagons and on arrival 

 at destination. The wagons are disinfected and fumigated with great 

 care. 



Sheep when transported long distances are taken from the wagons 

 and allowed to graze several times upon their journey. The sheep, ac- 

 companied by a shepherd and his dog, are rapidly conducted to some- 

 neighboring field where good grazing can be fouiid. When the whistle 

 of the engine notifies the.sheplaerd, he notifies the dog, who with aston- 

 ishing rapidity collects the sheep, and with the obedience and precision 

 of drilled soldiers they return to ihe wagons apd proceed upon their 

 journey. 



The estimated expense for attendance and food en route is about $5 

 per head from Mannheim to the seaport ; the time employed about four 

 days. 



EDWARD M. SMITH, 



Consul. 



United States Consulate, 



Mannheim, January 25, 1884 



Siatislical tahle regarding the cattle of Baden. 



Name of breed. 



Hin ter walfl or 

 (Blacli Forest). 



Messkirclier. 



Odenwaklor 



!Neckar 



County or dis- 

 tiict. 



Black Forest. 



Boden-See 



Odenwald 



Nookar 



AnDiinl aver- 

 ~ age ])ro- 

 cluctinn of 



milk per cow. 



Kilos. 

 1,000 to 1,800 



1, 200 to 3, 000 



800 to 1, OUO 



1, 200 to 3, 000 



Size at maturity. 



Cow. Bnll 



Meters. 

 1.05 



1.40 

 1.10 

 1.36 



MeUrs. 

 1.10 



i.50 

 1.20 

 1..10 



Ox. 



Meters. 

 1.18 



1.60 

 1.30 

 1.60 



Age at 



ma- 

 turity. 



Years. 



Live weight. 



Cow. Bull. Ox, 



Kilos. 

 300 



500 

 300 

 400 



Kilos 

 450 



800 

 400 

 800 



Kilos. 

 500 



900 

 4.'30 

 i)00 



County or dis- 

 trict. 



Topography. 



Altitude 



above 

 sea-level. 



Mean 

 tempera- 

 ture. 



Summer. 



Winter. 



Soil. 



Substratum. 



Black Forest 

 lioden-See 



Odenwald 



Heckar; 



Meters. 

 700 to 1, 000 

 500 



300 

 800 



«0. 

 16 to 18 

 16 to IS 



16 to 18 

 18 to 20 



"O. 

 2 to 5 

 2 tg 5 



2 tfl 5 

 4 to 6 



Loam 



Alluvial, loam, 

 and clay. 



Loam, sandy 



do 



Granite, gravel. 

 Limestone. 



Sandstone. 

 Limestone, gravel. 



REMARKS. 



IlinfcrwaJder. — This is a, liomo-bred race, of a dappled wlilte and yellow color ; they 

 are imcfiil as werk cattle, for their meat, and for milking. The yield of milk is large 

 and of good filial ityf 24 i)ffundsof milk i)roduce 1 pound of butter ; 10 pounds of milk 

 1 pnuud of cliopso. In sntnmer they aro put ont to graze, and in winter stall-fed. 



i/(ss/i-irc7i(c.— This is a liome-hred race crossed witli Simmeuthal ; they have heon 

 hred piiro Inv iiboiit fjlty years, the original coming from Switzerland. Tho color is 

 whlto and yellow and white aii(1 red. As milkers and butter producers they rank 

 with tliB Hioterwalder, and are usi-d for the same purposes. St.allfed. 



