GERMANY. 487 



about 120 kilograms* of milk, 15 kilograms of bnttor. nnd 7.5 kilograms 

 of cheese, amounting in all to about GOO literal of milk eacb, and 

 560,000,000 liters for the entire i)opulation, that is, more than double 

 the quantity which the Duchy itself produces, which in 187G amounted 

 to only 264,983,824 liters. According to the same statistics the average 

 quantity of milk per cow was: 



liters. 



In Starkenljurg, about 1,680 



lu Upper Hesse, about 1,500 



In EUine-Hesse, about 1,900 



In Grand Diicby, abont 1,650 



It is also estimated that Hesse is obliged to draw annually from out- 

 side sources the flesh of about seven thousand five hundred and fifty 

 oxen. 



Hesse-Darmstaclt thus presents a poor field to the view of those who 

 are seeking fine types of breediug-cattle. 



JAS. HENKY SMITH, 



Comlnercial Agent. 

 United States Commercial Agency, 



Mayence, November 23. 1883. 



CATTLE IN THE EHIWE PROVINCE. 



REPOUT BY CONSUL SPACKMAN, O^ COLOGNE. 



In reply to circular of July 18, 1883, requesting information as to cat- 

 tle-breeding in this consular district, I have the honor to report as fol- 

 lows: 



There is no cattle-breeding of any importance in the immediate neigh- 

 borhood of Cologne. The stock in the greater part of this district is 

 not sufficient for home demands, but the deficiency is generally supplied 

 by Holland. In the whole Ehine Province the total number of cattle 

 is about 1,700,000, including from 800,000 to 900,000 cows. The prin- 

 cipal breeds are the Birkenfeld, Westerwald and Eifel, named after the 

 sections of country in which they are raised. 



THE BIRKENFELD BREED. 



The best kind for export to the United States is the Birkenfeld. If 

 well fed and properly cared for they grow very large and give a good 

 supply of milk, they being stronger than the other kinds and better 

 able to endure severe weather. This species is the same as the cele- 

 brated Oldenburg breed, Birkenfeld now belonging to the Duchy of 

 Oldenburg and being a narrow strip of ground near Treves and south 

 of the river Moselle. The cattle were formerly sent from Oldenburg 

 to Birkenfeld, and have since remained a pure breed. At the age of 

 four years the best animals command the following prices : For a cow, 

 f 125 to $150, and for an ox or bull, $175 to $190. A. one-year-old bull 

 costs from $100 to $115. 



THE WESTERWALD BREED. 



The Westerwald is a mountainous region east of the Rhine and be- 

 tween the valleys of the Sieg and Lahn, and the cattlp in this district 



* A kilogram = a.i*04fi213 pounds avoirdupoiB. t A liter = 1.76077 pints. 



