GERMANY. 

 General statisUcs concemivg Itliine Province eattle. 



489 



*A liter is .22009687 of a gallon. 

 Ti^ography. 



Name of country. 



Altitude. 



Mean tem- 

 perature. 



Summer. 



■Winter. 



Birkenfeld . 

 Westerwald 

 Eifel 



Feet. 

 980 to 1, 630 

 980 to 2, 300 

 980 to 2, iiOO 



44 to 47 

 44 to 4T 

 44to5i 



o jp 



61 to 63 

 61 to 63 

 61 to 66 



°F. 

 26 to 30 

 26 to 30 

 26 to 35 



Name of coon- 

 try. 



Soil. 



Substratum. 



Cultivated grasses. 



Birkenfeld . 



Chalky . 



Slate. 



"Westerwald. 

 Eifel 



Basalt 



Volcanic tufa, basalt, and tra- 

 chyte, and in some parts of 

 the Eifel trias formation. 



Basalt 



Volcanic tufa, &c. 



Fine grass in cultivated dis- 

 tricts, and in many parts of 

 the country fine lucem clover. 



Fine grass and common clover. 



Short grass and white clover. 



DBSCKXPTION, ETC. 



Birkenfelder : This breed is of reddish-yellow (more red than yellow) color ; the cow 

 is about 4 feet 6 inches high and very long in proportion to height ; the dewlap is very 

 large, horns of ordinary size t they arrive at maturity in four years, or after changing 

 teeth. The product is 4,800 liters of milk or 600 pounds of cheese ; meat, 1,025 pounds 

 for cow and Ij'i-W pounds for ox (dead weight). For the first four or five weeks calTes 

 receive milk direct fi-om the cows ; afterwards they are fed upon a mixture of ordinary 

 milk and linseed cake. Animals are only housed during the severest winter weather, 

 and then placed in ordinary stables. In winter the animals are fed upon white turnips, 

 bran, refuse from distilleries, oil and linseed cake, and in summer upon grass and 

 hay. 



WesterwaUer : This breed is fawn color, with white faces or head, very large neck 

 and dewlap, and very long in proportion to height ; the horns are not verjr long and 

 stand upright. Age at maturity the same as Birkenfeld. The product is 3,700 to 

 4,000 liters of milk or 460 to 500 pounds of cheese ; meat, 650 pounds for cow and 9.50 

 pounds forox. Directly after their birth calves are taken from the cows and fed 

 with good milk for the ferst month, and afterwards with a mixture of sour milk and 

 buttermilk ; if this should prove too much of . a laxatixe the sour milk is mixed with 

 a paste made of linseed powder and warm water. The animals are housed' most of 

 the year, but are turned out in the fields after the grass is cut. The feed is bran, 

 sweet turnips, and beets. 



Mfel.—Dax^ brown color, with white spots, ordinary form, the neck and dewlap not ■ 

 being so large as the Birkenfeld. Age at maturity same as above. The product is 

 3.800 to 4,000 liters of milk or 475 to 500 pounds of cheese ; meat, 750 pounds for cow 

 and 1,050 pounds for ox. The calves of this breed are treated and fed in the same 

 manner as the Westerwald er. The animals are kept in ordinary stables during the 

 severest winter weather ; their food consisting of turnips, refuse from distilleries, &c. 



The principal markets for the sale of butter and cheese are in Cologne, Cobleiice, 

 and Mayenoe, where they are sent by boat or rail. 



