520 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING 



The following table. gives some particulars as to the Russian and Kol- 

 inogony cows : 



Breeds. 



Yaroalaff 



Vologda and Kostroma 



Cowa in different parts of Tver, ITov- 

 jrorod, and other governments, and 

 on the rivers Oka, Dnieper, &e... 



Kolmogony 



Live 

 weight. 



EUos. 

 240 to 400 

 200 320 



100 C20 



Milk producing- 



1 pound 

 bntter. 



Pounds, 

 25 to 27 

 22 20 



24 27 

 27 33 



1 pound 

 cheese. 



Pounds. 

 'Rtoll 

 8 11 



8 11 

 8 11 



Quantity of milk. 



Average. 



Liters. 

 1,400 to 1,800 

 1.200 



800 

 1,800 



2,200 

 2,400 



Maximum. 



lAtcrs. 

 2,400 

 2,000 



2,400 

 3, COO 



Some cows give five times their own weight in milk. 



The proportion of killed animals to their live weight is generally 3 to 7. 



Feeding.— Bussiau cows are principally grazed. The winter food is 

 very moderate. Hay or straw is the staple food, some little streiigth- 

 ing matter, as from 1 to 5 pounds of flour or bran per head being added. 



Color. — The color of the cows is various, but some colors are peculiar 

 to certain parts. In a great many districts, for instance, black cattle, 

 with white heads, bellies, and feet prevail; in others, red prevails in- 

 stead of black. 



Form. — The form, however, is almost the same everywhere. The 

 animals are small, and mostly short-legged. They have an elongated 

 body, a straight or slightly concave back, sloping hind-quarters, and 

 long tail. The udder is not very prominent, but is considerably devel- 

 oped at the upper part and extends forward. 



Bearing calves. — The manner of rearing calves is very middling and 

 even careless. 



MEAT PRODUCT. 



In the southern and eastern i)rovinces cattle are bred as beasts of 

 burden and for their meat. 



United States Consulate, 



St. Petersburg, Decemher 20, 1883. 



EDGAE STA]NTON, 



Consul- General. 



ADDEKDA TO KTJSSIAK CATTLE REPORTS. 



In view of the efforts which are being made for the development of 

 the beef product of Russia for export, the following statistics and in- 

 formation, compiled principally from a report by Consul-General Stanton 



