568 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



breeds in district. There are but the two crosses from Durham and Ayrshires in this 

 district. The milk all goes to the cheese factory, except such as is used in the family. 

 From pure-bred stock, $40 per seasou has been realized ; the average, as indicated by 

 cheese factory returns, is |28. The Durham matures at three years of age. 



Topography : The southern portion of this district is from ii50 to 1,300 teet above 

 level of the sea ; the northern from 500 to 2,000 feet. • Mean temperature, 47.7° ; 

 highest (September), 98°; lowest (February), 10°. Soil: AUnvialj loam, and clay; 

 sandy in patches only. Substratum: Southern porl ion of district, Silunan limestone; 

 northern, Huroniau and Laurentian granite; bowlder clay in small iiortions. Tim- 

 othy and clover are the cultivated grasses. 



Musing, feeding, #c. : The cattle are housed in iDolosed sheds. During the milking 

 seasou roots are the feed ; when not, dry straw and grain once a day. 



CATTLE IN THE CARLTON COUNTY, ONTARIO. 



REPOBT BT OOXMEBOIAL AGENT BOBBINS. 



The consular district of Ottawa embraces a large extent of country, 

 with a great variety of soil and climate ; but for the purposes of this 

 report I shall confine my investigations to the county of Carleton, of 

 which Ottawa is the county seat. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 



As the published official reports fail to show the mean temperature 

 of Ottawa I have selected two of the nearest stations, viz, Pembroke 

 and Cornwall. Pembroke is west and north and Oornwall south and 

 east of Ottawa, and the results given below will indicate the tempera- 

 ure of this district. 



Mean temperature in each quarter of the year 1881. 



SOIL. 



The soil of Oarleton County varies in the several townships, but clay, 

 sandy and black loams predominate. In this immediate vicinity there 

 is a good deal of limestone rock. All the cultivated grasses dt> well, 

 timothy and clover being the ruling classes. Of the improved land, 

 about one-half is reported as first class for agricultural purposes; about 

 one-quarter second class, and the remaining quarter third class. There 

 IS considerable swampy land as yet unredeemed, as also a good deal 

 of land so rocky as to be unfit for profitable cultivation. The countv 

 is generally well watered. 



AVERAGE PRODUCTION. 



The average production of grain, &c., is reported as follows: Fall 

 wheat, 20 bushels per acre; spring, 15 bushels; barley, 30 bushels; 

 oats, 35 bushels; rye, 20 bushels; peas, 20 bushels; corn, 25 bushels 



