574 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



Topography, <f-o. : Altitude, 500 to 1,050 foot abovo sea-level ; mean temperature 

 (estimated),' 35" abovo zero ; summer, 60° above ; winter, 10° above. There are no 

 records kept hero except tho.se kept by the Grand Trunk Railroad. I did not know 

 this in time to secure correct fignies from the Grand Truuk general office at Montreal. 

 Tho soil varies in different localities so that it is fairly correct to designate mixed, 

 loam, clay, and sand, in equal proportions. 



CulHvdled /jraimes are timothy, clover, and red top. 



J-IouHhig, fidini). 4c. : Tho cattle are kept in stalls .nnd loose boxes on ground floors 

 of barns and sheds. Special care is taken on the breeding farms for thoroughbred 

 stnok. Cattle are housed in basements of main barns with hay and straw in lofts, root 

 cellaisiiearat band, &c. The feed consists of hay, turnips, corn, barley, oatmeal, bran, 

 oil-cake, cotton-seed meal, &o. Timothy hay fed whole, but clover hay chopped and 

 mixed with trnlped turnips, also with meal, bran, and oil-cake for young stock. Roots 

 fell whole or sliced for mature stock. Good grade cattle are made by crossing Short- 

 horns, Hereford, or Polled Angus on to native Canadian stock. The best dairjr stock 

 is pure Canadian or pure Jersey or crosses of the two. Much care is taken by breed- 

 ers to keep theirstraius pure. Much of the beef products are shipped alive to England 

 and Scotland and much is consumed at home, while a fair per cent, goes to the mar- 

 kets of the United States. Beef cattlo are generally well handled. Much butter and 

 cheese is produced. The cheese is exceptionally good and the butter about equal to 

 the average butter of the United States. 



CATTLE IN THE GASPE BAY DISTRICT. 



REPORT BY CONSUL BOLT. 



Little attention has been given to the improvement of the breed of 

 cattle on this coa&t, consequently they are small and inferior, and of no 

 value to those who are interested in the selection of animals for breed- 

 ing i)urposes. They consist mainly of mixed breeds from Polled cattle 

 from the Magdalen Islands, and Jerseys and Canadian, of an average 

 live weight of from 4cwt. for the cow to C cwt. for the ox, and yielding 

 about 100 pounds of butter per cow annually. 



GEO. H. HOLT, 



Consul. 

 United States Consulate, 



Qaspe Basin, October 6, 1883. 



CATTLE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 



REPORT BY CONSUL WORDEN, OF CBARLOIIETOWN. 



I have the honor to forward herewith the form which accompanied 

 the cattle circular of July 18, 1883. Many causes have operated to 

 hinder its compilation, and now it is with considerable doubt as to its 

 availability that I send it to the Department. 



It is only within a few years that the farmers of this province have 

 begun to comprehend the advisability of improving the native cattle by 

 importations from England. 



A,farm was purchased by the local government some years since, 

 and a number of pure and well-bred cattle put upon it. Their progeny 

 have, from time to time, been sold at auction, and gradually the grade 

 of the cattle now bred on the island is being improved. This farm is 

 maintained at the expense of the local government. No pains are taken 

 to give the farming community the advantage of the stock raised. At 

 present the character of the stock is not equal to that of Ontario, 



