SUPPLEMENT. 



685 



E.— Prices per 50 kilos of different varieties of Swiss cheese from 1851 to 1880. 



F. — HigJiest quotations of cheesein different Swiss markets per kilo for October, 1880. 



LYELL T. ADAMS, 



Consul. 



United States Consulate, 



Geneva, November 25, 1881. 



SCIENTIFIC DAIRY INSTRUMENTS. 



BEPOBT PBEPABED FOB CONSUL SI£AW, OF MANCHESTER, BY MB. JAMES LONG, OF 



HETCBIN, ENGLAND. 



Milk testers are not particularly numerous; indeed, it is questionable whether an ab- 

 solutely perfect instrument can be devised inasmuch as specific gravity, as vfell as the 

 cream test has proved inefficient when used alone. The use of the lactometef , creamom- 

 eter, and thermometer in combination, however, are found to be very sure tests; and 

 although, in cases of prosecution, analysis is resorted to yet in private practice, the above 

 will answer every purpose. Cream is measured in a glass tube called a creaiu-gaugo or 

 test-tube or in a gla«s jar and called a cream measurer or creamometer. The lactometer 

 is really a hydrometer adapted by a modification in its scale to test the density of milk 

 instead of the density of water— in like manner as by other modifications suited to the 

 requirements of the various liquids, separateforms of the hydrometer arc made and known 

 by the names of alcohometer, saccharometer, &e. In the accompanying illustration the 

 lactometer is on the left hand, and a set of test-tubes or creamomcters arc between the 

 lactometer and thermometer. 



The lactometer (called the " lactidensim6tor " or "fiprouvette" on the Continent) is 

 used for gauging the density of milk. It was invented by M. Quevennc, a medical man 

 in Paris, and is now in general use, although the scale differs in various countries. It is 

 similar to an ordinary hydrometer, and is furnished with a scale, which shows thedensity 

 of the milk at a glance. A given vylume qf wi\ter weighing 1,000 pounds, is no larger lij 



