Langstroth frame, the greater part of the top bar being sawn out so that 
the sugar can be put in and the bees able to take it from the top. It is 
intended to hang at one side of the hive and has the advantage of not 
requiring attention for some time as it will contain five pounds of sugar. 
Candy is a make-shift and only used for feeding bees when the weather is. 
too cold, for them to be able tz take syrup. 
WINTERING, 
Bees require to be packed for winter about the end of October, be- 
fore the snow comes, and then left undisturbed until the following spring. 
Entrances may need looking to cccasionally during the winter in case 
they should get clogged with dead bees which can be raked out with a 
bent wire. Bees in single-walled hives, if weli provided with good food, 
will come sately through the winter, as a general rule, if several 
thicknesses of sacking are tied round outside anid covered with 
tar paper to keep out the wet. A hive-body half filled with 
sacks makes a goéd porous top covering. If double-walled hives, or hive- 
cases, as previously described, are used, all that is then necessary is to 
add sufficient top covering, about six inches in depth, over the frames. It 
is a good plan to leave the queen excluder on all the winter. If it is 
reversed, it will provide a double bee-space and thus ensure a clear pass- 
age way over the combs. The bees require about thirty pounds of sealed 
stores to carry them through the winter. Any honey dew the bees may 
have stored should be removeil from the hives, and kept for spring feeding, 
honey, or sugar syrup, being substituted. With porous coverings, winter 
entrances for strong colonies are best left about eight inches long by 
three-eighths of an inch deep, for weaker colonies this can be reduced to 
three or four inches. Non-porous coverings necessitate a larger entrance. 
Experiments carried out with packed hives by the Bureau of En‘o- 
mology, United States Department of Agriculture, have shown that much 
heat is lost from unprotected hive b:ttoms. It is stated that “failure to 
insulate the bottom of the hive largely offsets the value of insulation 
around the hive in the wintering of bees. Experiments c:nducted with 
a number of insulated hives showed that much heat was lost from the 
unprotected hive bottom. Beekeepers have repeatelly claimed that .ex- 
cessive insulation is even more detrimental in winter than insufficient in- 
sulation, because of the failure of the colony to warm up <n bright days. 
To test this theory a colony was packed in the fall with sixteen inches 
of sawfust on all sides, top, and bottom. Temperature records were made 
at frequent intervals every day throughout the winter and spring. The 
colony remained in excellent condition in every respect throughout the 
winter, and after brood rearing began it built up with great rapidity. 
Then, to continue observations on the effect of insulation, on the building 
up cf the colony, the packing was allowed to remain all summer. Except 
for the impossibility of manipulating the colony, it remaine( in excellent 
condition. It seems clear, therefore, that beekeepers need not fear detri- 
mental results from abundant insulation at any season of the year.” 
BEE DISEASES. 
There has not been much trouble with disease in this section of Bri- 
tish Columbia. Occasional outbreaks of American Foul-brood have oc- 
curred from time to time. It has not always been possible to trace the 
source of infection but it most frequently originates fr-m hives that have 
been brought in from infected areas. No doubt, it is sometimes started by 
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