82 



Index 



Spruce, 33, 42, 43, 45 ; nature of 

 timber, 48 ; sowing of, 9 ; set also 

 Common Spruce ■ 



" Stagheadedness," 43 



Standards, 39 



Starch, 45 



Stockholm tar, 70 



Stools, cutting of, 40 



Stool-shoots, 16, 38, 39 



" Storm-firm " species, 41 



Summer wood, 44, 46 



Sutherland, J. D., 3 



Sweet Chestnut, 40 ; nature of 

 timber, 50 



Swiss Pine, 47 



Sycamore, 11, 67, 71 ; distribution of, 

 67 ; nature of timber, 51 ; nursery 

 treatment of, 68 ; pruning of, 69 ; 

 subsequent management of, 68 



Sylviculture, methods of, 38 



System, two-storied, 39 



Thaw, effect of, 8 



Thickness of sowing, 12 



Thinning, 34, 46, 71 ; defects due to 

 delay in, 35 ; effect of, 35, 44 

 excessive, 37 ; nature of first, 37 

 number of trees to be removed, 36 

 object of, 86 ; of seed-bed, 12 

 period of, 34 ; statistics of, 37 



Tilia europcea, 63 ; T. magmfolia, 64 ; 

 T. parvifolia, 64 



Tilth of seed-bed, 9 



Timber, durability of, 45 ; preserva- 

 tion of, 75 ; preservative treatment 

 of, 46 



T-notching, 24 



Transplanting, method of, 14 ; time 

 for, 13 



Transplants, 13 ; distance apart of, 

 12 ; grading of, 14 ; lifting of, 13, 14 



Trees, broad-leaved, 41 ; " drawing- 

 up " of, 35 ; light-demanding, 33 ; 

 removal of mineral matter from 

 soil by, 32 ; shade-bearing, 33 



Turkey Oak, 64 ; sap-wood of, 45 



Two-storied system, 39 



Ulmus campestris, 62 

 Ulmus glabra, 62 

 Ulmus montana, 62, 63 

 Under-planting, 39 ; advantage of, 39 



Vegetative reproduction, 15 

 Vitality, increase due to felling, 27 



Watering of seed-bed, 12 



Water-shoots, 66, 70 



Water-table, 22 



Weeds, eradication of, 18 ; ill-effects 

 of, 19 ; on fertile soil, 19 ; on 

 marshy soil, 19 ; on rough upland 

 pastures, 19 



White Deal, 48 



White Willow, 68 



Wind damage, 70 



Wind, species resistant to, 71 



Wood, durable, 47 ; of little dura- 

 bility, 47; shelter, 28; very 

 durable, 47 



Woods, establishment of, 18 ; mixed, 

 37, 40, 71 ; advantages of mixed, 41 



Woods, pure, 40 ; objections to, 40 



Woods; uneven-aged, 71 



Working plan, 3 



Wych Elm, 63 



