22 



saw timber should be the aim of the owner; for plenty of 

 stakes, posts, poles, and firewood can be gotten from limbs, 

 tops, and thinnings. When thrifty sprout reproduction 

 occurs it should be taken care of; but seedling reproduction 

 should be favored where there is a chance to give it the 

 advantage. 



Secftion 2. Cuttings 



115. The willow and cottonwood are easily propagated 

 by cuttings, and this method is preferable for these two 

 kinds. They are rarely wanted except to protect the banks 

 of a ditch or stream. For this purpose make cuttings about 

 18 inches long and stick them in the ground along the bank 

 in two rows, 4 feet apart and 4 feet in the row, the cuttings 

 in the second row being opposite the spaces in the first row. 

 One or two of the top buds should be left above the ground. 

 A damp day in late winter is the best time for the work. 



Sedtion 3. Seed 



116. The pine, cypress, and juniper do not sprout and 

 must be reproduced by seed; and seedling reproduction of 

 most of the kinds that do sprout is preferable. Seedling re- 

 production may be secured by encouraging the production of 

 seed and giving it the proper conditions for germination and 

 growth; or it may be secured by sowing and planting, or by 

 a combination of the natural methods with sowing and 

 planting. 



117. The ways in which seeds are scattered is interest- 

 ing. The pine seed is provided with a wing: the weight of the 

 kernel is arranged so that the seed whirls around as it de- 

 scends through the air; this delays the fall and gives the 

 seed a chance to sail out on the wind. The ash, tulip-tree, 

 and sweet gum have a similar device. Acorns, walnuts, and 



