12 EINAB. LONNBEEG, ANATOMICAL NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS. 



coil, but in the other the first centrifugal half-coil is bent back on the following 

 centrifugal half-coil. Beddard thinks that » there is no common basal form from 

 which might arise either type of spiral*. According to him the difference between 

 these two types of colic spirals is thus very fundamental. This appears, however, 

 hardly possible when of nearly related forms one displays the first and another the 

 second type as for instance Gephalophus dorsalis and C. maxwelli according to Bed- 

 bard, and Madoqua pMUppsi (according to Beddard) and Rhynchotragus guentheri 

 wroughtoni (as described above). Even if in the former case the animals should not 

 be so closely related as is generally supposed, they cannot stand very widely apart 

 genetically speaking. The same is also the case with Madoqua and Rhynchotragus. 

 They cannot have very remote common ancestors. »What is wanted*, Beddard 

 says, »is a simple spiral of a negative character which with further growth might 

 evolve into either type. » Such a primitive form is found in the foetus. In a foetus 

 of this Rhynchotragus I have found the colic spinal consist of 1 ^/a centripetal and 

 1 V2 centrifugal coils. • 



The kidney of this Dik-dik is short and simple being provided with only a 

 single papilla in the calyx. 



A buck of Oazella granti had 2^2 centripetal, and 2 centrifugal colic coils. 



In a foetus of the same species there can be seen 13 alternating pairs of palatal 

 folds, the three posterior are, however, rather faintly developed. 



An Impala buck {Mpyceros melampus rendilis) from Guaso Nyiri was found to 

 have a roundish papilla incisiva and behind the same about 18 pair of crenulated 

 palatal folds which extended to the interspace between the last premolars. 



The papillce vallatoe were about 12 on either side in two somewhat irregular 

 rows. The papillce fungiformes were scattered on the sides of the tongue. 



The colon had 3 centripetal, and 2V2 centrifugal coils. 



The Gerenuk [Lithocranius walleri) has long hairy lips very similar in appearance 

 to those of the Giraffe. The comparatively very long palate is provided with not 

 less than 23 palatal folds which are only Uttle crenulated. They extend backwards 

 to opposite the second premolar. A simple row of 6 to 9 papillce vallatoe parallel to 

 the edge of the tongue is seen on either side. Some of them are, however, similar 

 to the neighbouring papillce fungiformes. 



The paunch of the Gerenuks which I shot contained leaves and some small 

 resinous fruits, or berries which grew on a bush. 



The psalterium was small and contained only a single system of folds. This 

 organ is thus very simple, almost less complicated than in the small Duikers^ (Ge- 

 phalophus). 



The liver of an adult male Gerenuk measured 19 X 11 cm. The left lobe had 

 a breadth of 9 cm. Lobus caudatus was three-sided and capped the kidney. The 

 Spigelian lobe was rounded, thus of the » oviform* type. The gall-bladder was small 

 and did not reach the free edge of the liver. 



' Conf. LOnnbbeg: Material for the Study of Ruminants. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Upsala. Ser. III. 

 1903, p. 18 & 19. 



