16 BINAB LONNBERG, ANATOMICAL NOTES ON EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS. 



this Somali Giraffe was 50 cm., and its breadth at the middle where it is widest 

 was 18 cm. but it tapered towards both ends. 



The caecum was very long and had the fundus-end rather pointed. Ten half- 

 coils were counted across the colic spiral. 



The male organ of some Ruminants. 



The structure of this organ has been described from quite a number of Artio- 

 dactyla by Garrod, Geriiardt and the present author.* In the following I am, 

 however, able to add some notes on this organ of some species which have not been 

 known in this respect before and among them are also certain species of particular 

 interest as African Buffalo, Oryx and Lithocranius. 



In the subfamily Bovince this organ is described from the common Ox, from 

 the Yak (Lonnberg 1909), and from Anoa (Lonnberg 1903). In Buffelus caffer 

 radcliffei the penis is decidedly taurine in its appearance (PI. 1, Fig. 5) with pro- 

 cessus urethralis reduced to complete absence. The urethra opens with a comparatively 

 wide orifice on the lower side of the tip of the male organ which gradually tapers 

 towards the end. The swelling, or cushion which as a rule is found chiefly on the 

 right side of the penis-end is strongly developed and extends from the right side all 

 over to the left with increasing thickness, and ends there rather abruptly as the 

 figure shows (conf. PI. 1, Fig. 5). Anteriorly, however, this cushion tapers as well 

 as the penis itself, and the whole organ is therefore somewhat more pointed than 

 that of Poephagus, but not so compressed from the sides. 



The male organ of Connochcetes albojubatus is very simple in its structure. It 

 is somewhat compressed from the sides, tapers a little, but ends with a blunt point. 

 There is no swelling, or cushion around the penis-end, and there is no processus 

 urethralis whatever (conf. PI. 1, Fig. 6). The urethra curves upwards on the left 

 side about a centimetre from the tip, and its slit-like orifice opens about 3 mm. 

 behind the tip. The upper end of the opening is on a level with the upper contour 

 of the organ. This curving upwards of the urethra on the left side is thus the only 

 remnant of the original spiral twist of this organ exhibited by more primitive Artiodaclyla. 

 On the whole the penis of the Gnu can be said to be of taurine type, but more 

 simple even than that by the absence of any swelling. It agrees better still with 

 Garrod's figure^ of ^Damalis pygarga», although the papilla urethrce shown by the 

 latter is still more reduced in the White-bearded Gnu. In the figure quoted no 

 terminal swelling, or cushion is to be seen, and the absence of such a one may there- 

 fore be characteristic to the subfamily Bubalidince which thus has gone further in 

 reduction of this organ even than Bovince in which the cushion is retained. 



^ References to the principal literature are found in a paper by LOnnbeeg in Ark. f. Zoologi. Bd. 5. N:o 10. 

 Stockholm & Uppsala 1909. 



2 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 11, Fig. 22. 



