24 EINAR LONNBERG, ANATOMICAL NOTES ON EAST APRICAN MAMMALS. 



except on a central area, just as in the domestic Pig. On the anterior portion they 

 are very small, but increase in size laterally and behind. They are especially densely 

 crowded along the margin at the middle of the tongue* and extend on the posterior 

 portion also to the lateral surfaces. There is one large papilla vallata on either side 

 of the base of the tongue, just as in the Pig, and in this region a number of com- 

 paratively big papillce fungiformes are fouiid as well. On the lateral surface of the 

 base of the tongue a papilla foliata is found. It presents five slits on one side, on 

 the other it is more irregular. 



The salivary glands are similar to those of the domestic Pig. 



The large epiglottis was at the dissection found to rest on top of velum pala- 

 tinum. At the back of the beginning of the oesophagus is a comparatively wide bursa 

 pharyngea as has been found in Sus and Babirussa, and which thus appears to be 

 characteristic of Suidce. 



The larynx is comparatively large, and compressed from the sides so that the 

 thyreoid cartilage is provided with a distinct ventral keel. There is no foram.en 

 thyreoideum and no cornu anterius. The cricoid is broad behind, and especially its 

 anterior portion is thick, but it becomes gradually thinner in its posterior parts. The 

 arytenoids are united by rather long santorinian cartilages. Both upper and lower 

 vocal cords are well developed and directed obliquely downward. The slit between 

 them opens into a veyitriculus Morgagni which, just as Owen^ describes for the do- 

 mesticated Pig, »is continued upward into an oblong flattened sacculus». 



The division of the lungs is similar to Garson's description of the condition 

 found in Porcula. Not counting the azygos lobe between the heart and the diaphragm 

 there are three lobes on the right lung as also Owen has found in the Warthog. 

 The foremost of these is subdivided, and the anterior portion hooks around to the 

 left side in front of the heart, the right auricle of which it covers. The left lung has 

 two lobes the anterior of which is subdivided in an anterior longitudinal and a posterior 

 dorsiventral portion. 



The thyreoidea is a solid bean-shaped body which is compressed from the sides. 



When the abdominal cavity is opened, the colic coils are seen to occupy the 

 greatest spa^ce. The ventricle and the spleen are visible on the left side behind the 

 diaphragm and the liver on the right side. The coils of the small intestine lie in the 

 hindmost portion of the abdominal cavity and on the right side. 



The ventricle, although distended with vegetable matter, appears to be com- 

 paratively small. At cardia is a rather thick valve. The recurved pouch at the left 

 end of the ventricle is well defined by the deep fold, or septum which extends into 

 the lumen of the ventricle from the oesophageal side. The walls of the ventricle are 

 rather thin except in the pyloric portion in which there are also some longitudinal 

 folds. One of these, situated on the side of the lesser curvature is thicker than the 



1 Somathing similar has been stated by Gaeson (Proc. Zool. ^oc. London 1883, p. 414) in Porcula as 

 he says that the fungiform papillae »are aggregated in a row along either side of the tongue*. Papillce foliata 

 are not mentioned in the description quoted. 



^ Comp. Anatomy of Vertebrates III, p. 594. 



