SCHNEIDER— FA YOD 183 



here there is hardly anything to be seen of fibrils, but 

 only a continuous reticular framework. Finally, Fig. 14 

 shows quite a distinct network, but it is affirmed of it that 

 it " represents the framework as it appears from superficial 

 observation, without taking regard to the isolation of the 

 fibres at the points where they cross." Now it is quite 

 certain that the figures referring to Ascaris must be the 

 later and more accurate ones, since those which are pub- 

 lished of the egg of Strongylocentrotus are diagrams such as 

 never occur in nature. I think I shall be quite certain of 

 the assent of all observers who have ever studied such 

 things attentively, when I assert this definitely. The 

 schematisation of these figures, especially that of Fig. 9, 

 is carried to such an extent that the single fibrils, which 

 are frequently drawn connectedly of a length nearly half 

 that of the diameter of the egg, for the greater part cast 

 shadows, and therefore stand out in prominent relief. On 

 the whole, however, I must take exception to Schneider's 

 figures, inasmuch as, with few exceptions, they give an 

 utterly false idea of the actual relations, since they show 

 the fibrillse light and the intervening substance on the other 

 hand quite dark, although, as a matter of fact, the state of 

 things is exactly the reverse of this, as has been stated not 

 only by me but by all other observers with the single 

 exception of Ktinstler, and as is shown of course in the 

 plainest manner in every photograph. 



I will enter later on into the difficulties, in fact the 

 impossibilities, which stand in opposition to such a view 

 as that which Schneider brings forward. This especially 

 holds good for the formation of vacuoles which takes place 

 so frequently in protoplasm, the walls of which Schneider 

 supposes to be produced from the fibrUs, which are connected 

 by a special cement in order to effect this. 



From all these considerations I have not the least doubt 

 that Schneider's view is altogether erroneous, and that he 

 has not taken the fibrillar structure of protoplasm from the 

 objects, but has construed it into them. 



In conclusion, I must say yet a few words with regard 

 to the remarkable view which Fayod (1890) has developed 



