LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 



Pear Triomphe de .Todoigne, in Palraette 

 form . . . ■ . .328 



Plan of Fruit-garden for tlie North of 

 France .... 329 



Pear - tree grown by M. Cronx, of 

 Sceaux ..... 330 



Pear-tree with horizontal branches . 331 



Mode of supporting stalie for trees 

 trained as shown in the preceding 

 figure ..... 331 



View of Espalier Pear-trees and lines 

 of Apples trained as Cordons in gar- 

 den at Brunoj .... 332 



Plan of Espalier in preceding figure at 

 corner of line .... 332 



Pear-tree in Columnar form . . 333 



Portion of Self-supporting Espalier of 

 Pear-trees ..... 334 



Stake for fixing the wires in the ground 334 



Espaliers of Pear - trees with the 

 branches grafted by approach. . 335 



Specimen of fantastic training in Garden 

 at Brunoy 336 



Pear-tree trained in the Balloon form, 

 ten feet high . . . .337 



Pear-tree in Balloon form, seventeen 

 feet high and six feet in diameter . 338 



Plan of Pear-tree in Balloon form . 338 



Crossed and Self-supporting Espalier 

 Pear-trees at Saulsaie . . . 342 



Pear-tree with the branches trained in 

 lines exactly above each other, and 

 all the points united by grafting 349 



Fantastic training in forming name . 350 



A Spuv-prnned Peach-tree . . 351 



Early Spring Aspect of a portion of 

 Peach-wall in garden at Moutreuil . 352 



Espalier-train'ng at Montreuil . . 353 



Espalier-training at Montreuil. The 

 Montreuil Fan .... 354 



Small Wooden Coping used to protect 



young Peach-trees in Spring . . 354 



Second Pruning of Fruiting Peach- 

 branch ..... 355 



Mode of preserving the Lower Part of 

 the Stems from the Sun . . 356 



Fruiting Branch of Peach submitted to 

 the third year's pruning . . 357 



Pruning to replace old fruit-spur , 358 



Result of the preceding operation . 358 



Spring aspect of Fruit-garden formed 

 in North Germany by M. Lepfere 

 fils '359 



Mode of Pruning to cover bare spaces 

 on the branches of Peach-trees, first 

 year ...... 360 



Result of preceding operation, second 

 year . . \ . . .360 



Summer management of the Peach . 361 



Shoot of Peach without Fruit . 



Peach-tree trained horizontally : aspect 

 before Pruning .... 



Disbudding of the Peach, second year . 



Disbudding of the Peach, second year . 



Grafting by approach to furnish bare 

 spaces on the main branches of the 

 Peach-tree ..... 



Multiple Grafting by approach, to fur- 

 nish bare spaces on the stems of 

 Peach-trees .... 



Details of the preceding Figures 



Peach-tree in the double U form 



Peach trained in the double U form, 

 with the points of the branches 

 united by grafting 



Branch of Fig-tree beai'ing the Figs 

 formed during the preceding year . 



Fig-tree growing on level ground, 

 with the branches grouped in four 

 sets ...... 



Fig-tree with the branches trained in 

 two sets ..... 



Showing the Mode of burying the Fig- 

 trees cultivated on level ground, to 

 preserve them from being destroyed 

 by frost in winter 



Fig-tree planted on sloping earth buried 

 for the winter mouths . 



Fig-tree planted on sloping ground, 

 with earth basin on lower side to 

 better retain the water . 



Section showing Fig-tree planted on 

 inclined ground, with earth basin to 

 retain the water .... 



Stem of Fig the sixth year after plant- 

 ing . . . ' . 



Fig-branch with young Figs 



Branch of Fig-tree after the gathering 

 of the crop ..... 



Branch of Fig-tree after the gathering 

 of the crop ..... 



The Chasselas de Fontainebleau . 



Wall of Chasselas at Thomery, showing 

 the Vines trained as Horizontal 

 Gordons ..... 



Low Double Espalier, and Mode of Pro- 

 tecting the Vines in Spring 



Section of top of wall at Thomery, 

 showing the projection of the tem- 

 porary coping .... 



Pruning to obtain the two arms of the 

 Cordon ..... 



Sulphur Distributor employed at 

 Thomery ..... 



Low Espalier of Vines trained vertically, 

 four feet high .... 



Layer of Vine raised and planted in 

 basket .... 



FAGB 



361 



362 

 363 

 363 



364 



365 

 366 

 367 



367 

 370 



371 

 372 



373 

 373 



374 



374 



375 

 375 



376 



377 

 378 



379 

 381 



381 

 382 

 382 

 383 

 383 



