LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



System of Vertical 



Rose-Charmeux's 



Training 



Vines trained Vertically with alter- 

 nated spurs. .... 

 Movable Scaffold used for thinning the 



Grapes ..... 

 Shade to protect the Grape-thinners 



from strong sun .... 

 Frame for carrying small baskets filled 



with Grapes from the walls to the 



store-rooms ..... 

 Mode of Grafting the Vine at Thomery 

 Mode of Grafting the Vine, by ap- 

 proach, practised at Thomery . 

 Gouge used in Grafting the Vine : ten 



inches long .... 

 Small Pit used for Forcing the Vine . 

 Small span-roofed Pit for Forcing the 



Vine ...... 



French mode of training Vines on open 



Wall . . ... 



Pear-tree trained as a " Palmette 



Verrier " ' . 

 The Palmette Verrier. Second, third, 



and fourth pruning 

 The Palmette Verrier. Fifth pruning . 

 Palmette Verrier, with weakly outer 



Branch completed by Grafting 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. First pruning . 

 Top of Young Pear-tree . 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Second pruning 

 Leading shoot of Pear-tree . 

 Part of old leading shoot barked and 



left to tie the young shoot to . 

 The best position at which to prune for 



the terminal bud .... 

 Incisions made above and below branches 



and buds to check irregularity of 



growth .... 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Third pruning . 

 Grafting by approach, to cover bare 



spaces on Pyramidal Trees 

 Grafting by approach as applied to Wall 



and Kspalier Trees 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Fourth pruning 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree. Fifth pruning . 

 Pyramidal Pear-tree with drooping 



Branches ..... 

 Wall Pear-tree re-grafted . 

 Pendulous Training of Wall Pear-tree . 

 Grafting to furnish useless Water-shoots 



with Fruit-buds .... 

 Proper mode of cutting shoot 

 Shoot cut too long . 

 Shoot cut too low .... 

 Young shoot of Pear properly pinched 



at about four inches from the base . 

 Shoot of Pear pinched too short . 



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Result of over-pinching 



Another result of over-pinching . 



Pinching of the second growth of the 

 Pear ...... 



The stipulary shoots forced into growth 

 by the removal of the principal shoot 



Fruit-trees in a Front Garden (Vin- 

 cennes) ..... 



Pyramidal Pear-tree Re-grafted , 



Varieties of Vertical Training . 



Upright Pear-tree for Wall (Argenteuil) 



Fruit-trees along Railway . 



Section of Railway-embankment and 

 Terraces for Fruit-trees. 



Fruit-hedge fully furnished 



Form of Fruit-tree Fence . 



Railway Fence furnished with Fruit- 

 trees ...... 



The Cloche as used in Winter-Lettuce 

 culture ..... 



The Cloche as used in the raising of 

 Seedling Plants .... 



The Cloche as used in the Propagating- 

 house. ..... 



Carriage for transporting Orange-trees . 



Truck for moving Plants in Tubs and 

 large Pots ..... 



Portion of Pear-stand at Ferriferes 



End View of Pear-stand . . ' . 



Section of Pear-rail in the Fruit-room 

 at Ferriferes .... 



Narrow Frames used for Forcing 



Frame for making Straw Mats . 



Straw Mat (Paillasson) used for cover- 

 ing Frames ..... 



The Sdcateur Lecointe 



The Common Secateur 



The Raidisseur 



Key of Raidisseur 



Collignon's Raidisseur 



Side View of Collignon's Raidisseur . 



Thomery Raidisseur. 



Borel's Raidisseur .... 



Open Loop ..... 



Loop after three turns 



Bur-reed (Sparganium ramosum) 



Reed-mace (Typha latifolia) 



Mode of Protecting Walls . 



Mode of arranging Wires on Walls 



Wall Wired for Oblique Cordon Train- 

 ing 



Trellis for Young Trees in Nurseries . 



Gourd of the Paris Market 



Figure showing the depth of the succes- 

 sive annual earthings given to the 

 Asparagus ..... 



Planting Asparagus ; Trenches at Plant- 

 ing-time and after a Season's growth 



Frames used for Forcing Asparagus . 



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