Chap. X.] TREES FOR CITIES. 161 



Liriodendron tulipifera, the Tulip-tree, seems perfectly at home 

 in city parks or gardens, and, being a handsome and distinct tree, 

 in every way deserves to be planted largely in such places. 

 Sophora japonica forms on dry soils a grand tree in the neigh- 

 bourhood of London, and has the valuable property of never 

 seeming to suffer from drought, no matter how dry the soil, 

 retaining its verdure to the end of the season. It therefore merits 

 an important place in all our parks and squares, especially those 

 with a light soil. 



The various species of Ash offer many valuable trees for the 

 town planter, of which good evidence may be seen in Kensington 

 Gardens. To enumerate fully all the other deciduous trees that 

 would thrive in cities, would simply mean a catalogue of all the 

 more vigorous species that flourish in the northern world. 



TsANSPLANTiNa Labge Teees. — Not the least remarkable 

 feature of the public gardening of Paris is the excellent system of 

 transplanting trees there practised. For the following article on 

 this subject I am indebted to my friend M. Edouard Andre, of 

 Paris : — 



" The city of Paris, priov to having formed the large parts and public gardens 

 which she now possesses, had no regular system of transplanting large trees, with 

 the exception of the old-fashioned carts which had been used at Versailles and 

 the other royal parks, and at M. de Rothschild's chateaux at Boulogne and 

 Eerriferes, principally for the purpose of removing large Orange-trees in tuhs, and 

 occasionally for transplanting old and valuable trees. These carts were designed 

 and constructed in the time of Louis XIV., and it may well be imagined that 

 they were extremely cumbersome and inconvenient. In recent days, however, 

 when the chief gardeners and the city architects were often called upon to' extem- 

 porize shady avenues in a few days, it became absolutely necessary for them to 

 put their heads together to invent some new machine which would work more 

 easily and with less damage to the lives of the trees. The first apparatus built 

 consisted of a frame bearing two movable wooden rollers, one on the fore-carriage 

 and the other at the back, each provided with holes in which to place the ends of 

 the levers when hoisting up the tree. A round case made of sheet-iron was 

 hung in the centre suspended from the rollers by chains, which, when the tree 

 was raised up by the levers, held the earth-ball and roots. 



" We do not intend reviewing all the improved means successively employed 

 before the models now in use were adopted ; we have only to state the way in 

 which the removal of large trees is now managed in Paris. 



" We take, for example, a specimen tree, thirty years old, thirty feet in height, 

 the trunk of which has a circumference of three feet at a height of three feet from 

 the ground, its total weight with the earth-ball being nearly two tons. The 



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