Chap. XX.] 



SUISNES. 



333 



course many variations may be made thus, but the single line, 



well conducted and rather freely developed, is the best of all, 



though there are many positions and circumstances in which two 



lines, superimposed cordons or other modifications, will prove 



desirable. M. Cochet has planted almost every good variety of 



Apple on this principle, and finds they all do well on it. All are 



grafted on the true French Paradise stock. Some of his fruit 



from three-year-old plants was remarkably 



fine, and nothing could look prettier than 



the handsome Apples"]along the side'^of the 



walks. A much more regular and better 



effect could be obtained by lines of one kind 



only, and the training and pruning of them 



also would be more likely to be performed 



in the best manner. In nearly all parts of 



the garden there was abundant evidence 



that the horizontal cordon for Apples is 



the best improvement effected in open-air 



fruit-culture for years. 



A [line of Pears trained thus may also 

 be seen, but it is a failure, although there 

 was a fine crop hanging on one specimen 

 of the Belle Angevine. "When grown in this 

 way the Pear usually manifests a disposition 

 to shoot up " gourmands," or shoots very 

 like those of Willows, from the bend. On 

 walls where the sap has room to spread, 

 this inconvenience is of course not present. 

 The young Pear and other trees here in 

 preparation for wall and espalier culture 

 are neatly trained in line by means of tightly-strained galvanised 

 wires. By this means trees fit to place against walls immedi- 

 ately, may be picked out at any time. A good many handsome 

 palmetto and other trees are to be seen, but particularly 

 remarkable are those trained in what is called the columnar 

 form. This is simply a tree trained to a single stem, or a 

 vertical cordon, the top being allowed to grow as high as it can, 

 and thus close columns of leaves and fruits are formed as much 

 as fifteen feet high. Nothing could exceed the fine condition 



Pear-tree in Colunmar Jorm, 



