364 THE PARKS AND GAEDBNS OF PAEIS. [Chap. XXI. 



The walls are about nine feet high, and have a coping of plaster six 

 inches wide. Plaster is very cheap in the neighbourhood, being dug 

 up in quarries quite near to the gardens, and thus it is easy to form 

 a neat and thin projection from the ridge of plaster which forms 

 the top of the wall, by placing boards underneath till the coping 

 sets. This protection is more necessary at the west and south 

 than at the east, the cold rains being more feared than frost, 

 and more difficult to guard against ; for while a narrow coping 

 will save the trees from frost, it is not so effective against cold 

 driving rains. It is particularly noticeable that, no matter 

 what form of tree is adopted, all the fruiting branches are 



Crafting by approach to furnish bare spaces on the main branches of the Peach-tree, 'I he second 

 spring after grafting, when tlie Graft has frmiy united, the shoot D is cut at C, and B forms a 

 well-placed shoot. 



higher at the apex than the base, instead of pursuing the 

 horizontal line, as is the case with us. Perhaps to the passing 

 visitor some of the trees in their full summer dress might appear 

 to have their branches horizontally placed; but even in cases 

 where there is most room for the supposition, the outer ends of 

 the shoots are in fact several inches higher than where they spring 

 from the ascending axis. 



Many cordons are to be seen in abundant bearing in the garden, 

 both against the walls and in the open. The Calvilles against 

 the walls were very good, and were not always confined to a single 

 line, but were superimposed. It is a better plan to confine them 



