Chap. XXIIL] 



TRAINING. 



401 



branches of the preceding summer are cut in much shorter than 

 the lower ones to favour the development of these. 



At the fourth pruning the lower branches are not cut nearly so 

 long as in the previous pruning, because they have now attained 

 to almost the desired length and vigour. The new branches of 

 the second series are left somewhat longer, and the pruner looks 

 more to the top-structure, so to speak. The wisdom of forming 

 the base well at first will be apparent. During the summer 



Pyraviidal Pear-tree. ~ Fourth pruning. 



following the fourth pruning before described, attention should 

 be given to the young branches at the top of the pyramid, as well 

 as the side ones. As the lower branches will have nearly reached 

 their full length, a too vigorous growth of the terminal shoot of 

 each must be prevented by pinching. 



The next figure shows the aspect of the tree at the fifth pruning, 

 and how the pruning is performed. As is well seen by glancing from 

 B to A in this figure, the new growth of the lower branches is cut 

 very short, while the higher the remaining superior branches are, 



