Chap. XXIV.] 



FRUIT CULTUEE. 



419 



handsomest modes of training yet adopted, and being very 

 simple, and tterefore readily put into practice, should be carried 

 out largely, even in the most conspicuous positions. The 

 woodcut fully explains all that is wanted as to the best mode 

 of forming the tree, care being required to have all the branches 

 equi-distant. All the above modes of training are calculated to 

 supersede the ordinary espalier, which is often an eye-sore in 

 many otherwise good gardens. The vertical and horizontal style 

 combined, the Palmette of * t "* 



the French, is well suited " '^' 



for the formation of large 

 trees. 



The accompanying wood- 

 cut represents one of the 

 simplest and best forms of 

 tree for rapidly covering 

 walls with choice Pears. Be- 

 fore this and like forms the 

 old horizontal pattern, which 

 took so many years to form, 

 must give way. Among the 

 many advantages that belong 

 to the upright form may be 

 mentioned that of simple 

 training. To establish such 

 trees, all that need be done 

 is to take a young tree of 

 from three to seven branches, 

 and place the branches as 

 nearly as may be in the desired position. It is not even necessary 

 to have the branches exactly opposite, as without that the wall 

 may be perfectly covered. With trees of this kind a very few 

 years' growth will suffice to cover a wall that would not be 

 covered in sixteen years by the old method. Trees on this 

 plan may be five-branched or seven-branched. There is no 

 trouble in training. Young trees may be taken from the nursery, 

 and their branches placed in the desired direction against the 

 wall. The above specimen was sketched in M. Grodefroy- 



Upright Pear-tree for Wall (Jlrgenteuil). 



