ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL 51 



If school officers and patrons object to these field lessons 

 in school hours, they may be gi\'en out of school hours and 

 at recess. The teacher who gives successful and instructive 

 field lessons under such conditions will soon be able to con- 

 vert those who object to them. 



Pupils should be taken out for collecting plants, animals, 

 minerals, and the like. These trips may be made much 

 more than mere collecting trips, for the environment and the 

 habits of the animals caught may be studied at the same 

 time. The school cabinet can be supplied on such trips. 



Some teachers have the idea that one has to go far to give 

 a field lesson. This is a mistake. The school doorstep, the 

 school ground, the street or road in front of the school, a 

 vacant lot or a neighboring field, a city park, a flower gar- 

 den, a roadcut, a hill nearby furnish suggestions for field 

 lessons not far from the school. 



The following are some suggestions for field lessons: 



Zoology: Ant-hill. Bee-hive. Collecting insects. Ob- 

 serving insects pollinating flowers, destroying crops, foli- 

 age, etc. Birds, nests, and habits. Lake or stream for 

 aquatic animals, such as moUusks, crayfish, insects, fish, 

 frogs, etc. Seashore for marine life. Visit to a menagerie 

 or a zoological garden. Museum. Visit to a farmyard. 



Botany: Buds. Tree study. Visit to a park; to a 

 forest. Collecting autumn leaves. Collecting fruits and 

 seeds and noting means for dispersal. Nutting expedition. 

 Collecting and studying spring flowers. Same with flower- 

 less plants. Visit to a flower garden and noting relation of 

 plants and insects. Work in the school garden. Visit to a 

 farm. 



Earth Study : Drainage of the school-yard on a rainy day. 



