INSECTS, HARMFUL AND OTHERWISE 239 



resembling the unpalatable monarch, escapes harm from the 

 birds. This is a remarkable case of adaptation for protection. 

 The viceroy may, however, be distinguished from the mon- 

 arch by the fact that it has a black band across the hind wings, 

 and some minor differences. 



The caterpillar feeds upon willow leaves, and forms a 

 cocoon in a curled-up leaf. 



Many of the Moths are beautiful. Many, though incon- 

 spicuous when at rest with folded wings, have bright colors on 

 their under wings and back. 



The common Tomato-worm, feeding on the tomato plant, 

 is a large, green caterpillar, with a sort of tail-like projection 

 near the hind end, oblique markings upon its segments, and 

 a hne down its back. The green color and the markings 

 very nicely imitate a curled-up leaf, with its veins and midrib. 

 The caterpillar is about three inches long. When ready to 

 pupate it burrows into the ground and forms a chrysalis, but 

 no cocoon. There is a peculiar, slender handle to the chrys- 

 alis, which is a special case for the very long tongue or pro- 

 boscis of the coming moth. In the spring the pupa wriggles 

 to the surface, and the moth emerges. This is a beautiful 

 insect with large, gray marbled wings, five yellow spots on 

 each side of the back of the abdomen, and large antennae. 

 The tongue is unusually long. It is generally kept curled up 

 hke a watch-spring under the head, but when in use in sipping 

 nectar it is straightened out and then measures nearly four 

 inches in length. If such a moth is caught and killed, the 

 tongue may be straightened out with a pin or forceps, the end 

 gently clamped, and the moth suspended from this and 

 allowed to dry. 



Such a mount of a moth with extended tongue is very in- 



