A GRADED COURSE OF NATURE-STUDY 423 



and make syrup and sugar. (L, S, T, 220.) Uses of trees 

 for fuel and lumber, nuts, fruit, sap, etc. The story of a 

 pine board — very simple. The Carpenter.* Observe at 

 work. (L, S, T, 220, 219.) Characteristic form and 

 branching of different trees.* Trees in masses,* their beauty, 

 landscape effects.* Observe changes * in forest or grove 

 with the advancing season. (L, 216.) 



Flowers and Weeds : Review those learned last spring. 

 Add pasque-flower,* wind-flower,* columbine,* violets,* 

 Dutchman's breeches. Weeds: Dandelion,* plantain,* purs- 

 lane. (M, K, 168, etc., and for weeds: 222, 228, 231, 230.) 

 Let children collect, observe where the flowers grow. Do 

 not waste. Make a simple study of characteristic features 

 of flower,* leaf,* stem,* and root.* Learn the parts * of a 

 typical flower. Observe the development from flower to 

 fruit * — apple, plum, dandelion. Purpose of flowers. The 

 pleasure we get from them. Insect visitors — see above. 

 Press the flowers studied, and make a decorated booklet, 

 with brief description of place, appearance, etc., arranged 

 in the order of time of flowering. 



Gardening: Germination studies.* (See chapter XVI.) 

 Note conditions of moisture, and temperature necessary. 

 Try to raise some seeds without water and without warmth. 

 Make glass germinators, and observe the behavior of the seed- 

 lings * in coming out. Plant seeds in sawdust or, better, 

 in soil, and observe later stages of the seedling. Peas, beans, 

 com, grains, squash, sunflower, radish are good. Get fresh, 

 seasoned seeds. (K, 156, 154, 190, 196, 222, 228, 231, etc.) 



School-garden: Make class or group beds.* (Q, 237, 

 234, 240, Chapter XVI, 481.) Perhaps lay out a miniature 

 farm * with different crops, vegetables, and flowers. The 



