472 NATURE-STUDY 



eat. Char some starch or flour, to show the charcoal or 

 carbon in it. The oxygen we breathe burns this in our 

 bodies to make us warm, and give us energy as in an engine. 

 Compare the body with a steam engine — very simple. Show 

 that the food is our fuel. We eat to run the machinery of 

 our body. The carbon dioxide is a waste, and is breathed 

 out. Very simple study of the lungs and circulation. Use 

 mannikin charts, diagrams, models. (379, 380, 370, 368, 

 368a, etc.; 267.) 



Autumn 

 Animals. 



Mammals: Distribution of animals (in geography). 

 (18, 33, 44, geography.) 



Note adaptation to climate, food, and mode of life. Arctic, 

 temperate, tropical; animals of the forest, the plains, the 

 sea. 



Birds: Observe migration. (108, 100, 33, 34, 17, etc.) 

 Discuss reason. What countries they go to. Use map. 

 Show distances travelled. 



Identification study:* Tern, gull, loon, snipe, sand- 

 piper, night-hawk, kinglet, black and white creeper, brown- 

 creeper. Note habits, food, economic value. (95 to 106; 

 107 to 125.) 



Insects: Simple comparison and classification. But- 

 terflies * and moths,* bee group,* dragon-flies,* beetles,* 

 bugs,* flies* and mosquitoes, and locust * group. (33, 34, 

 143, 132, 130, etc.) 



Codling moth. Examine a number of apples. Some 

 will be wormy. Note the little caterpillar. Trace its life 

 history.* Visit orchard. Try to find the moth and the 

 cocoons. Read in the Year-books of the U. S. Depart- 



