A GRADED COURSE OF NATURE-STUDY 473 



ment of Agriculture about the loss to the apple crop from 

 this insect. Remedies. (132, 136, 148, 130, 126, 222, 

 229, 241, etc.) Also observe the effects of scale-insects, 

 bark and wood borers, weevils, and plant-lice. Learn to 

 recognize these. Remedies. (References as the last.) 



Discuss the. advantage of birds in an orchard. Observe 

 the birds there. (108, 100, 33, 120, 222, 241.) 



Miscellaneous: Simple comparative study of cray- 

 fish,* lobster,* and crab.* Study shell, casting of shell, chief 

 organs, and their uses, locomotion, swimming, defence, food, 

 uses, how caught, etc. (47, 84, 93, 85, 18, etc.) 



From a pond or brook collect small fresh-water shrimps, 

 minute water fleas, and observe in aquarium. They are 

 minute relatives of the crayfish. Put some of them into a 

 fish aquarium. Observe how eagerly the fish eat them. 

 Refer to the importance of these little animals as food for 

 fishes. (References as above — also 42 and 49.) 



Informal observations on clams, snails, earthworm, leeches, 

 etc. collected and kept in aquaria. Observe in the ponds, 

 etc., also. (93, T,s, 34, 47, 38.) 



Plants. 



Gardening: Put garden in good order. Collect daily 

 bouquets for school. Give away flowers. Collect the garden 

 products, including flowers, and with the plants grown in the 

 competition make an exhibit. Make awards. Collect seeds 

 for next year. Label. Give away or exchange seeds. Let 

 children take seeds home. 



Prepare cuttings of grapes, ivy, or woodbine for the next 

 spring for lower grades to plant. (221, 229, 226, 241, 232.) 



Observe the pollination of pumpkins or squashes, and the 



