492 NATURE-STUDY 



is their relation to the leaf scar?* (152, 156, 159, 161, 154, 

 Flagg, "A Year with Trees," 475c.) 



Identification: Dodder* (a parasite), poison ivy, poison 

 nightshade, poison "jimsonweed,"* poison pokeweed, jewel 

 weed, evening primrose,* climbing bittersweet,* gentians.* 

 Note appearance, habitat, and characteristics. (168, etc.) 



Grasses: Stems, leaves, flowers, pollination, fruit, root- 

 stalk, wintering, uses, native of what country: June grass, 

 rye-grass,* timothy,* millet, the grains,* corn,* sorghum,* 

 sugar cane, bamboo. (169, 230, 231, 222, 241, 213, 225, 152, 

 154, 156, 159. 161.) 



Weeds: Quackgrass,* barnyard grass,* squirrel tail 

 grass, foxtail, sand-bur. (See last references.) Prickly 

 lettuce, Russian "thistle," Canada thistle, mustard, mullein,* 

 milkweed,* daisy * (whiteweed), pigweed, lambs'-quarters. 

 These are all common field weeds. Identify them, study 

 the harm they do, the way they spread, go to seed, how they 

 were introduced, etc., and how they may be exterminated. 

 Read laws against weeds. (230, 222, 241, 231, 226, 256, 246 

 "Weeds.") Visit fields and observe the plants. What good 

 can be said for weeds ? What is a weed ? 



Fungi: Mushroom,* shape, gills, spores, mycelium, can 

 grow in the dark, has no green color, does not make its own 

 food, but either steals it from a living plant (tree) or uses the 

 food in the dead bodies of other plants. General effects of 

 fungi, death to hving plant, decay of the dead. The good 

 done by fungi of decay in a forest. Distinction between edi- 

 ble * and poisonous * mushrooms. Collect as many different 

 kinds of mushrooms as can be found. Note the variety of 

 form, etc. Study puff-balls and shelf-fungi.* (152, 156, 

 190, 154, 159, 153, 220, 195, 167, 180.) 



