1 70 Lectures on Bacteria. [^ xm. 



gelatinous envelopes, and capable of cultivation in its character- 

 istic form on gelatine, is said by Friedlander to have a strictly 

 specific effect as the contagium of acute fibrinous pneumonia 

 (66). 



A specifically distinct Bacillus, nearly allied in every respect to 

 the Bacillus of tubercle, has been proved by Hansen's and 

 Neisser's investigations to be the exciting cause of leprosy in the 

 human species. The Bacillus discovered by Lustgarten, and 

 supposed to be the contagium of syphilis, is still a subject of 

 dispute (67). Other species of Bacilli, or at least of rod-forms, 

 approaching in their mode of life the Bacillus of anthrax, have 

 moreover been discovered, and many of them carefully studied 

 as the contagia of a series of diseases in the lovrer animals, such 

 as Koch's mouse- septicaemia, Koch and Gafifky's malignant 

 oedema (68), glanders (69), symptomatic anthrax (70), ery- 

 sipelas in pigs (71), and Loffler's diphtheria in pigeons and in 

 calves (74). 



9. TJie type of miasmatic infectious diseases is malaria, 

 intermittent fever with its kindred states (72). The infection is 

 confined to certain localities with a marshy soil and stagnant 

 water, and is not usually conveyed from one person to another. 

 It is natural to assume therefore, in accordance with other well- 

 known cases, that of anthrax for example, that an organism is 

 present in the soil and in the water of the malaria-district, and 

 that it causes the infection. Klebs and Tommasi Crudeli have 

 consequently examined specimens of soil and water from localities 

 where malaria abounds, and have found Bacteria in them in pro- 

 fusion, one especially, a rod-shaped species which forms filaments 

 and which theyname Bacillus Malariae. Theyproduced symptoms 

 of malarial fever, swelling of the spleen and intermittent fever in 

 different animals by injecting the Bacillus from these specimens 

 of the soil as well as from cultures. Cuboni and Marchiafava, 

 Lanzi, Perroncito, Ceci, and Ziehl have found Bacteria in blood 

 taken from the skin, veins, and spleen of persons suffering from 

 intermittent fever, especially in the cold stage of the attack. 



