APPENDIX 209 



fruit can be drawn in the notebook free hand or by tracing 

 the outhne and fiUing in the detail by free hand, or the leaves 

 can be dried between newspapers or regular drying boards 

 and mounted. The instructor will supplement the notes with 

 general remarks about the use of the tree for ornamental or 

 forestry purposes and the value and uses of the wood. The 

 woods of trees can be studied in much the same manner. 



II. Heights of trees. — By the two-staff method. By com- 

 paring the length of the shadow of the tree and the length of 

 the shadow of a pole of known length. 



Record diameter at breast height and height of each tree 

 measured as well as the name of the species. 



III. Contents of individual trees. — In board feet by the 

 use of the lo-foot pole and crosspiece and rule of thumb, 

 and compare results by applying the Doyle and Scribner rules. 



In cubic feet by the formula 



IV. Estimating timber. — Lay off one-sixteenth of an acre 

 either in a square plot 52 feet on a side setting stakes at the 

 corners, or by circular plots with 29J/2 feet radius, marking the 

 trees on the edge of the circle. Use larger plots if time allows. 



In board feet. — Estimate all the trees on the plot above 8 

 inches in diameter. Use 10- foot pole and crosspiece to get 

 diameter and length of the butt log, estimate the diameters 

 and lengths of upper logs. Apply rule of thumb and also log 

 tables. Multiply the result by 16 to get the estimate for an 

 acre. 



In cordwood. — Find diameter outside the bark at breast 

 height and total height, of all trees on the plot above a certain 



diameter, about 6 inches. Apply formula to each tree. 



Multiply the estimate of the plot by 16 to get stand per acre. 



V. Find area of woodlot. It will be better to lay off a 

 small tract on level, open ground and find the area. 



