THE KITCHEN-GAEDEK. 9 



require fresh planting every year. The esculent roots include the whole 

 of the following, in all their varieties : the beet-root, parsnip, carrot, 

 turnip, salsify, radish, potato, skirret, and Jerusalem artichoke. 



Peas and beans arc two kinds, dwarfs and runners; they require a 

 good soil, preferring. that of a fine loamy nature, and in that kind of 

 earth they thrive well, and yield abundantly. These are annuals, and 

 consequently raised from seed ; the more early and hardy kinds are 

 sown in the last two and first two months of the year, either in veiy 

 sheltered situations, where they can be well protected from the frost and 

 wet, or in frames; the others are sown in succession for constant sup- 

 plies ; thus, by good management, peas and beans, of one kind or other, 

 may be produced during the greater part of the year. The dwarfs re- 

 quire but little management, except hooing, and the general attention 

 essential to all plants ; the runners, on the contrary, must have sticks or 

 supporters, to which they cling, as they sometimes attain to a consider- 

 able height. 



Broad beans are particularly subject to the fly, or green bug; and 

 when these insects once obtain possession, it is very difiicnlt, if not im- 

 possible, to destroy them entirely. Tobacco-water, or salt dissolved in 

 water, as recommended for the destruction of caterpillars on cabbages, 

 has sometimes been found effectual ; but the most certain way, and per- 

 haps the only one to be depended on, is to watch their first appearance, 

 and to pick oflF the part on which they first settle and throw it into the 

 fire or water. This is attended with trouble, it is true ; but, generally 

 speaking, this little care is all that is necessary to keep the beans clear 

 of them ; for if once they settle on them, they increase so rapidly that 

 in a few days the whole plantation, however extensive, becomes infected, 

 and then all remedies are useless ; the loss of the whole crop is certain, 

 and no alternative remains but to cut down every infected plant and 

 commit them all to the flames. 



Onions and leeks require a rich, light earth ; some are annual, and 

 others are perennial, and, with the exception of the Welch onion, pro- 

 duce bulbous roots, which should be taken up in autumn. 



The annuals, which are raised only from seed, are the onion, in most 

 of its varieties, and the leeks. The perennials which are either raised 

 from seed, or propagated by dividing the root, are the shalot, garlic, 

 cives, and tree and potato onion. 



Plants of the asparagus and artichoke kinds require beds not only 

 rich but warm ; they must also be earthed up, or covered with mats, as 

 it is only the blanched, unexpa'nded leaves that are eaten ; they are ten- 

 der plants, and will not thrive unless in a rich, warm, moist soil. They 

 are all perennial, and raised by seed, as well as by parting the roots and 

 by cuttings. 



Plants of the fruit-bearing kinds require beds similar to the aspara- 

 gus sorts, and even more attention ; some of them, as the melon and 

 several varieties of the gourd and cucumber, do best if started in a hot- 

 bed, and slK-ltered and attended with the greatest care, from which 

 they may subsequently be removed to the open ground, or a few plants', 

 suffered to mature without removal. They are all annuals. 



The melon is the most tender, and requires the greatest care ; the 



A' 



