THE FETJIT-QAEDEN. 



41 



Kg. 20. Fig. 19. 



Fig. 21. 



Whip grafting is particularly appli- 

 cable* to small stocks, or where the 

 graft and stock are nearly of equal 

 size ; and cleft-grafting to stocks con- 

 siderably larger than the scion. In 

 all cases, where the stock is in any de- 

 gree larger, the graft must be placed 

 toward one side, so that the line be- 

 tween the bark and wood may exactly 

 coincide at one point at least in both, 

 as in the cross section of cleft-graft- 

 ing. 



There are other modifications of 

 grafting which are often useful. In 

 saddle grafting, the stock is sloped 

 off on each side, giving it the form of a wedge, fig. 23, a ; the graft is 

 split in the middle, and each side thinned 

 away with the knife, as in fig. 23 h, until it 

 will closely fit when placed like a saddle upon 

 it, fig. 24. The most perfect way to fit the 

 graft, is to make a long sloping cat from the 

 outer edge or bark, by drawing the blade from 

 heel to point, till it reaches the center of the 

 graft ; and then another similar cut completes 

 the acute cavity for fitting the wedge of the 

 stock. A sharp, broad, and thin blade, is 

 needed for this operation. A wax plaster, 

 drawn closely round the place of union, com- 

 pletes the work. When the stock and graft 

 are very nearly of equal size, this is a very 

 perfect mode of grafting, as large correspond- 

 ing surfaces are made to fit, and the graft re- 

 ceives freely the ascending sap. 



In all these modes of grafting, whenever a wedge is made to enter a 

 cleft, it should be thicker on the side where the fit is made between 

 the two parts, so as to receive at that side the full pressure of the cut 

 faced as shown in fig. 22. 



Grafts may be cut at any time after the cessation of growth. lat.e in 

 the summer, and before the spring growth commences. But they must 

 be kept in a damp place. Wet moss is the best material in which to 

 preserve them. 



Grafting-Wax, made as follows, should neatly cover all the splits and 

 cuts made in grafting: four parts rosin, three parts beeswax, and three 

 parts lard. In these, after being melted and thoroughly mixed, strips 

 of cotton cloth should be dipped, and cut when cold to any desired 

 length and width. 



Budding. — Common shield budding consists in leaving a small piece 

 of wood at the base of the bud inserted, instead of taking all out. An 

 incision is made lengthwise through the bark of the stock, and a small 

 cut at right angles at the top, the whole somewhat resembling the let- 



Fig. 23. 



