OF VITAL PHENOMENA 79 



and that there is a maximum retardation at about .02 n at which 

 Fischer observed the maximum swelling, and Pauli and Wagner 

 (1910) observed the maximum viscosity (of serum albumin in 

 the last case). Traube claims that Ca" and K' hasten gelation 

 and Na* retards it and therefore Ca" antagonizes Na*. He 

 claims that anesthetics retard gelation (see Chapter XI). 



Chiari (1911) found the least swelling of gelatine to occur 

 when the PH = 4.7, which corresponds closely to the isoelectric 

 point, PH = 4.6 as determined by Michaelis. No other investi- 

 gator of the effect of acids and alkalis on emulsoids has deter- 

 mined the PH. 



