APPENDIX 



CHEMICAL SUMMARY 

 The elements contained in every living cell are as follows: 



None of these elements exist as simple atoms in the cell. The chief 

 compound is water, HOH. It seems probable, from the high surface ten- 

 sion, specific heat and dielectric constant of water, that some molecules 

 have combined (polymerized) to form (HOH)o. It is even believed that 

 some of these aggregates are colloidal particles, and cause the blue color 

 of the sea, but it seems more probable that this blue light is dispersed 

 by water molecules, as the blue sky is produced by dust particles on 

 drops of water in the air. Gases dissolve in water in the form of 2 , 

 N 2 or H 2 . Many of the elements exist in solution as salts, formed by 

 the combination of an acid and a base._ Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Mn and Fe 

 combine with O, forming oxides, which combine with water forming 

 hydroxides, which are bases. F, CI, Br and I combine with H to form 

 acids and Si, P, S, C, N and O may enter into the composition of acids. 



The compounds of carbon are so complex and numerous as to form 

 a special group, organic compounds.. This is subdivided into the open 

 chain or aliphatic series and the ring compounds or aromatic series. 



The paraffins are compounds of carbon and hydrogen in open chain. 

 Starting with methane, CH 4 , a combination of two molecules gives ethane, 

 C a H a , because two hydrogen atoms are eliminated and the valences thus 



