94 ARISTOCRATS OF THE GARDEN 



perfectly hardy trees with handsome bark, spreading 

 branches, and large dark green pinnate leaves and 

 they are not subject to disease or insect pests. Five 

 species are growing in the Arnold Arboretum: P. 

 sachalinense, P. Lavallei, and P. japonicum from 

 northern Japan, P. amurense from northeastern con- 

 tinental Asia and P. chinense from central China. 



In the Ivy family, besides Kalopanax ricimfolium 

 described in Chapter III, there are many black- 

 fruited plants such as the native Hercules Club (Ar- 

 alia spinosa) and its Asiatic ally (A. chinensis), with 

 much divided yard-wide leaves and broad clusters 

 of small fruits. Also Acanthopanax sessilijlorum and 

 A. spinosum which are large-growing shrubs with 

 globose heads of fruit, native of northeastern Asia, 

 and the smaller Chinese species A. Henry i. All 

 these love a cool, moist situation. Most of the 

 Rhamnus belong to this group and many of them 

 like R. davuricus, R. Frangula, and the Common 

 Buckthorn (R. catharticus) fruit profusely and retain 

 their berries far into the winter. A particularly 

 handsome species is R. alpinus with large deep green 

 strongly veined leaves and which makes a large 

 bush. 



The Canadian Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), 

 so abundant in moist places throughout New Eng- 



