62 The Alligator and Its Allies 
The lachrymal (3) is a fairly large bone that forms 
the anterior border of the orbit. It is bounded 
laterally by the jugal, anteriorly by the maxilla, 
and medially by the prefrontals. Its postero- 
medial border is pierced by a large lachrymal 
foramen that extends lengthwise through the bone 
and opens, at its anterior end, into the nasal 
chamber. 
The supraorbital, missing in the skull figured, is 
a small bone lying in the eyelid close to the junction 
of the frontal and prefrontal. Being unattached 
it is usually absent from prepared skulls. 
The jugal or malar (5) is an elongated bone that 
forms a part of the lateral border of the head, on 
the one hand, and most of the lateral border of the 
orbit on the other. Anteriorly it articulates with 
the maxilla; medially with the lachrymal and 
prefrontal; posteriorly with the quadratojugal, 
and ventrally with the transpalatine. With the 
transpalatine it sends, in a dorso-medial direction, 
a process that meets the process, described above 
in connection with the postfrontal, to form the 
postorbital bar. 
The quadratojugal (12) is a small bone, wedged in 
between the jugal in front and the quadrate behind. 
The quadrate (8) is more irregular and has more 
complicated articulations than almost any bone 
in the skull. Its posterior end, which forms the 
articular surface for the lower jaw, is elongated 
laterally and slightly concave. Anteriorly the 
