The Muscles 123 
first unite in the region of the lower leg as a 
short, strong tendon. Their origins are as fol- 
lows: (1) As a band from the anterior margin of 
the ischium, pushing between the ischio-femoralis 
and the pubi-ischio-femoralis externus muscles; (2) 
From the posterior margin of the ischium as a 
narrow, tendinous band near the insertion of the 
ischio-caudalis muscle; (3) from the portio-dorsalis 
posterior of the ilium, ventralward, near the origin 
of the flexor tibialis externus muscle. 
Ischio-femoralis (Plate III., Fig. 1, is. f.) (Adduc- 
tores, Adductor longus, Adductor primus). Springs 
directly (without tendon) from the entire anterior 
border of the ischium. It is band-like and, run- 
ning over the tendon of the pubo-femoralis internus 
and externus muscle, is inserted as a broad, fleshy 
tendon on the middle third of the inner, posterior 
surface of the femur. 
Pubi-ischio-femoralis Externus (Plate III., Fig. 1, 
O. 1S; 2. iit, Plate 1Vg Fic: 1, py 16.4. tat.) Ge @ 
whole: Quatuor pectinei [partim]; in parts: I. 
Marsupialis externus, Obturator externus; IT. Quad- 
ratus femoris). This muscle arises in two parts. 
The anterior part is broad and comes from the 
entire ventral and inwardly turned outer surface 
of the pubis. Its insertion is on the femur in 
conjunction with the first part of the pubi-ischio- 
femoralis internus. The second part is shorter but 
thicker than the first and springs from almost all of 
the outer surface of the ischium that is not cov- 
