MAKING BIRD SANCTUARIES 



the shrubs usually planted, and they have the added 

 value of furnishing birds with wholesome food. 

 Here is a part of Mr. Kennard's list: shad-bush, 

 gray, silky, and red osier, cornel, dangleberry, 

 huckleberry, inkberry, black alder, bayberry, shin- 

 ing, smooth, and staghorn sumachs, large-flowering 

 currant, thimbleberry, blackberry, elder, snowberry, 

 dwarf bilberry, blueberry, black haw, hobblebush, 

 and arrow-wood. In the way of fruit-bearing shade 

 trees he recommends sugar maple, flowering dog- 

 wood, white and cockspur thorn, native red mul- 

 berry, tupelo, black cherry, choke cherry, and moun- 

 tain ash. For the same purpose he especially recom- 

 mends the planting of the following vines : Virginia 

 creeper, bull-beaver, frost grape, and fox grape. 



Such shrubs and vines are usually well stripped of 

 their berries after the first heavy snowfall. That is 

 the time to begin feeding the birds in earnest. The 

 more food wisely placed where the birds can get it, 

 the more birds you will surely have in the winter. 

 Seeds and grain, with a judicious mixture of animal 

 [237 J 



