COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIATST ISLANDS. 729 



now gather closely on the lau, especially where it joins the net, and make a great disturbance with 

 their feet, which drives all the fish into the net. Lau and net are finally drawn ashore. 



Lau kapalili (trembling leaves) fishing can only be carried on on a clear, bright, sunny day, so 

 that the shadows cast by the leaves can be seen and serve to drive the flsh inland. 



DIP AND SCOOP NETS. 



It is frequently difficult to distinguish betveeen a dip net and a bag net, as certain 

 forms of each are very similar in construction and methods of operation. In some 

 cases an arbitary line has been drawn. 



In fishing for maikoiko (surgeon-fish), a dip net about 6 feet deep and 4 feet in 

 diameter is used. A bag of bait tied to the end of a stick is pushed into the water 

 near the holes in which the fish live, and when they are lured out by the scent of 

 the bait the dip net is carefully slipped under both bait and fishes and then raised 

 slowly until it reaches the surface, when it is lifted or drawn ashore. 



Another method is to chew up bread fruit and taro and spit these upon the sur- 

 face of the water. As this slowly sinks below the surface the fish are attracted in 

 large numbers and fall easy victims when the dip net is slipped below them and then 

 quickly raised to the surface. 



A common form of dip or scoop net, which is generally used in removing fish 

 from seines and bag nets, is made by bending a flexible piece of wood into an oval 

 shape and tying the ends together at the junction. To this is attached the net, which 

 has a bag about 2 feet deep, much narrower at the bottom than at the top. When 

 not in use the lower end of the bag is left open, bu^t when used it is gathered together 

 and tied with a piece of twine. 



On Kauai a dip net with a bag about 3 feet deep, attached to an iron ring 2 feet 

 in diameter, is used in catching papal (crabs). This net is attached to a long pole bj^ 

 means of four ropes running from the ring to a common center about 2 feet above 

 the ring, and thence bj^ a single rope. The bait is either tied to a rope attached to 

 and hanging down a short distance below the junction of the four ropes, or else 

 weighted down in the bottom of the net. April, Alay, and June are the principal 

 months for this style of fishing. It is usually done at night. Somewhat similar dip 

 nets are occasionally employed in fishing for ula (crawfish). 



On the Waiawa River, near Pearl City, Oahu, the Chinese use a form of dip net 

 which was probably introduced by themselves, as it does not appear elsewhere on 

 the islands. The river is narrow, about -tO feet in width. Four poles are planted, 

 two on the edge of the bank, and the other two about two-thirds of the distance 

 across the river, thus forming a square. All of these poles are slanted outward, so 

 much so that the tips of the outer ones extend almost to the opposite bank, and a 

 large, square, fine-meshed net is attached to them by ropes. On the shore is a wind- 

 lass connected with the net by a rope, and used in raising and lowering it. Bait is 

 thrown into the net, which is then lowered into the water until it almost touches the 

 bottom, where it is allowed to remain until a number of fish have congregated over 

 it eating the bait. It then is raised above the surface and the fish removed. 



A scoop net is made by tj'ing a square fine-meshed net to two slender sticks, 

 laid parallel to each other and about 5 feet apart. One side of the net is then 

 gathered together until the ends of the sticks on that side are within about a foot of 



