Contents 
CHAPTER XVI 
SUNSHINE, RAIN, AND WIND 
Curious habitats of plants—The Darnel Fungus—Oak leaves and 
climate—Shapes of leaves and harmony—Waterfall plants— 
Statistical researches—Changes during growth of a wood—Lime- 
stone plants—Sunshine effects—Bracken in various situations —The 
patanas of Ceylon—Railway lines in Sweden—Reddening of plants 
—Bocconia stamens—Mode in ray florets—Rain leaves—Wind and 
leaves—Mechanical tissue and strains—Dust—Organic materials— 
Rain-catching arrangements . se en Se <> 
CHAPTER XVII 
VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL 
Forests and man—Nettles—Loranthus in Australia—Mimicry in carboni- 
ferous period—Grasshopper and grass stems—Worms—Open floras 
and change by animals in Tundra, Patagonia, and Heathermoors— 
Poisonous Australian plants—Equisetums—Fungi of animal manure 
—Spruce gall insect—Aphid and its enemies—Nepenthes bical- 
carata and its ants—Sunbirds—Elephants and Rafflesia—Ants and 
seeds . «© 5» «© «© « . so . . + 195 
CHAPTER XVIII 
ANTS AND MITES 
Mite caverns in leaves—Inheritance of mite injuries—Spruce and ant 
plants—Stipule thorns and ants—Galleries in ferns—Nectaries on 
leaves—Leaf-cutting and fungus-cultivating ants—Ant gardens in 
the Amazons . . . . . 7 . ; . ° + 205 
PAGE 
CHAPTER XIX 
ELECTRICITY—RADIUM, N- AND X-RAYS 
Electric potential of air—Currents of electricity in plants—Reactions on 
stimulation—Increased assimilation—Roots and electric currents— 
Nollet’s, Bertholet’s, and Speschnew systems—Thwaite’s experi- 
ments—Electrocution of plants—Damage to trees and bacteria— 
Lilac in electric light—Rontgen and radium rays—Dr. Russell’s 
photographs—N-rays  . . . . 7 . aa oe . 211 
CHAPTER XX 
ORIGIN OF OUR BRITISH FLORA 
Flora of France before the Ice Age—Invasion of Northern Ice— 
Separation of Alpine districts—Cardamine—Glacial boulder-clay 
—Climate of Ice Age—Dryas, birch, Scotch pine and oak floras— 
Succession of and upper limits of these associations—Botanical 
survey maps—Reid’s and Lewis’ researches—Peatmoss investiga- 
tions—Climatic changes—Hazel in Sweden—Preglacial English 
plants—Geikie’s Ice Ages—Tacitus and historical forests—Age of 
destruction—Weeds—Beech invasion—Cornish heath and Spanish 
plants—Irish Americans—Cinnamons . . 7 ‘ : . 218 
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