Bacteria 
mad dogs died under the most horrible circumstances. 
Between 1886 and 1897, 17,337 cases have been 
treated under the Pasteur system, and the mortality is 
only 4.8 per cent., less than one per 200 cases. 
Should any one be bitten by a mad dog the wound 
should be cauterised as quickly as possible, and then 
the patient should travel to the nearest Pasteur institute 
as quickly as he possibly can. 
When people are vaccinated by the ordinary method, 
the relatively feeble cow-pox germ enters the body, 
calling up armies of phagocytes and quantities of anti- 
toxins or both. If the person is infected by a real 
smallpox germ the latter finds itself unable to make 
any progress, 
People forget now-a-days the number of deaths from 
smallpox, and the horrible disfigurement which used to 
be common enough but which one never sees now- 
a-days. 
In the larger German towns vaccination was com- 
pulsory from 1885 to 1887, and the mortality from 
smallpox was one per 200,000. Taking the same 
period the deaths from this disease were in Hungary 
236, in Italy 100, in France 78, and in Austria 74, all 
per 200,000. Vaccination was not compulsory in 
these countries though no doubt often employed, for 
it was discovered a long time ago (by Edward Jenner, 
1749-1823). 
Other methods of resisting bacteria are equally in- 
genious. 
Sometimes the disease germs are imprisoned in cap- 
sules and placed in the body so that only their poisonous 
toxins enter the system and not the bacilli themselves. 
This calls into existence antitoxins which preserve against 
an accidental infection. The serum of some animal 
which has outlived the particular disease is sometimes 
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