6 ANGlOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



(c) Numerous flowers arranged in racemes. 



Corolla funnel-shaped : C. Rapunculus Z., C. patula Z., C. pyrami- 



dalis Z. 

 Corolla bell-shaped : C. tomentosa Venl., C. laciniata L., C. Trache- 



lium Z., C. Grossekii Heuff., C. punctata Lam., C. latifoHa Z., 



C. lactiflora Bieb. 

 Corolla tubular : C. Celsii A . DC. 



(d) Inflorescence a spike : C. spicata Z., C. multiflora Waldst. el Kit. 



(e) Inflorescence a capitulum : C. lingulata Waldst. et Kit. 

 II. Entrance of the flower directed downwards. 



1. Style straight. 



a. One-flowered: C. puUa Z., C. excisa &^/w^. 



b. Flowers in racemes. 



(a) Corolla bell-shaped and three stylar branches, corolla medium-sized : 



C. rotundifolia Z., C. Scheuchzeri VilL, C. pusilla Haenke, C. caes- 

 pitosa Scop., C. carnica Schiede. 

 Five stylar branches, corolla large : C. Medium Z. 



(b) Corolla infundibulo-campanulate : C. sibirica Z., C. bononiensis Z., 



C. rapunculoides Z. 



(c) Corolla narrow funnel-shaped : C. Jaubertiana Timh. 



2. Style bent : C. americana Z. 



B. Corolla-lobes inclined together so as to close the entrance of the flower : 

 C. Zoysii Wul/. 



1694. C. rotundifolia L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 109-12 ; Herm, Muller, 

 ' Fertilisation,' p. 368, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 403 ; MacLeod, ' Bevruchtung der Bloemen,' 

 p. 287 ; Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 652 ; Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nodfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 100, 163, ' Bliitenbiol. Notizen.') — The flowers of this species are mostly dull 

 sky-blue in colour, though in some locahties, e. g. the North Frisian Islands, they 

 may vary from dark to whitish blue. They are pendulous and vary greatly in size. 

 The white bases of the filaments act as nectar-guides. Autogamy can be effected 

 by rolling back of the stylar branches should insect-visits fail. Warnstorf describes 

 the pollen-grains as whitish in colour, spheroidal, closely beset with spinose tubercles, 

 and about 3r ^ in diameter. 



The arctic variety arctica Lange usually bears a few large flowers on a stem 

 10-22 cm. high. The corolla is 21 mm. long and 34 mm. broad, and bright-blue in 

 colour, though this may be replaced by white (var. albiflora). 



Visitors. — The most prominent of these is the bee Melitta haemorrhoidalis F. 

 which visits the flowers of the species throughout its entire range. Other very 

 constant bee-guests in many parts of Europe are Eriades campanularum K. and 

 Halictoides dentiventris Nyl. 



Knuth observed the following. — 



In the North Frisian Islands and at Kiel (' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins., p. 163, 

 ' Weit. Beob. u. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 237). — A. Coleoptera. i. Miarus 

 campanulae Z., numerous in the bases of the flowers. B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae . 

 2. Anthomyia sp. ; 3. Sarcophaga carnaria Z. (i) Syrphidae: 4. Eristalis arbus- 

 torum Z., po-dvg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 5. Andrena shawella ^. 5 ; 6. 



