12 AN GIOSPERMAE— DICOTYLEDON ES 



1712. C. Cervicaria L.— Kerner states that the flowers of this species remain 

 in a vertical position. 



1713. C. glomerata L. — The flowers of this species remain vertical, and 

 Kerner says that they open periodically. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded b)- the observers, and for the localities 



stated. — 



Schenck (Weilburg), 5 bees (Herm. IMuller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 78), 5 bees— 



1. Andrena curvungula Thorns., visiting this species only and collecting an enormous 

 amount of pollen, loading itself more than any other Andrena ; 2. Apis mellifica L. 5 ; 

 3. Ceratina coerulea K. ; 4. Coelio.xys quadridentata L. ; 5. Heriades campanularum 

 L.: (Nassau), 2 bees — Andrena curvungula Ths., and Osmia papaveris Llr. 

 Schletterer and von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), 3 bees— 1. Halictus quadricinctus F. 5; 



2. H. sexnotatus K. $ ; 3 Osmia adunca Llr. 5, very common. Loew (Berlin 

 Botanic Garden), a hover-fly (Pipiza bimaculata Mg., po-dvg.) and a bee (Chelostoma 

 nigricorne Nyl. S, skg., and creeping right into the flowers). 



1714. C. barbata L. (Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 404-5.) — There are 

 hairs 3-5 mm. long on the corolla-lobes of this species, which serve as a protection 

 against creeping animals. Hermann Muller says that automatic self-pollination is 

 rendered possible by the bending back of the stylar branches, which become twisted 

 into spirals of i-ij turns. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the locaUties 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), a beetle, 2 flies, 11 Hymenoptera, and 4 Lepidoptera. 

 Ricca (Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 187 1) (Alps), humble-bees up to a height 

 of 2600 m. Schletterer and von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus 

 soroensis F. Loew (Altvatergebirge) (' Beitrage,' p. 52), a Curculionid beetle (Gym- 

 netron campanulae Z.) and 2 bees (Bombus lapidarius L. J, skg., and B. soroensis F. 

 5 and 5, skg.). 



1715. C. Medium L. (Ludwig, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, .wiii, 1884, p. 145.) — 

 In this species Ludwig saw flies (especially Empis aestiva Loew) adhering to the style, 

 and supposes that the sticky nature of this is a protection against unbidden guests 

 of the kind. 



Visitors. — Delpino observed beetles (Cetonia sp.) (' Ult. oss.,' I, 2, p. 30). 



1716. C. spicata L. (Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' p. 59.) — The flowers of this 

 species are aggregated into long conspicuous spikes. Kirchner examined them at 

 Zermatt and found their mechanism to be the same as in related forms. The corolla 

 is bright-violet in colour, whitish at the base, and gradually widening into a funnel 

 30 mm. long, the direction of which is continued by its lobes (12 mm. in length). 

 Towards the end of anthesis the three stylar branches roll back into spirals of 2 turns, 

 so that, as Kerner pointed out, automatic self-pollination is possible should insect- 

 visits fail. 



1717. C. uniflora L. (Warming, ' Bestovningsmaade,' pp. 52-4.) — Warming 

 describes the flowers of this northern species as dark-blue in colour, and either 

 vertical or nodding. The style projects but little, and as the anthers dehisce and the 

 stigmas become receptive in the bud, the latter are pseudo-cleistogamously self- 



