CAMPANULACEAE 13 



pollinated, and many of the pollen-grains germinate upon them. Later on the 

 flowers open in a normal manner, passing from cleistogamy to chasmogamy, a unique 

 occurrence so far as yet known. 



Vanhoffen collected ripe fruits in Greenland (27. 7. '93) (Abromeit, ' Bot. Ergeb. 

 von Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' pp. 61-2). The species is very rare in Spitz- 

 bergen and has only once been observed in flower there (10. 8. '68) (Andersson & 

 Hesselman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtfiora,' 

 p. 16). 



1718. C. latifolia L. — In this species the corolla-tube is 35 mm. long. 

 Visitors.— The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 



stated. — 



Knuth, the honey-bee, skg., creeping right into the flowers, and coming out 

 again covered with pollen. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), 2 bees, creeping com- 

 pletely into the flowers — Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg., and Bombus pratorum 

 Z. 5 : on the var. seroiina, the bee Chelostoma nigricorne Nyl. 5, skg., and creeping 

 right into the flowers. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), a humble-bee (' Flora of Dum- 

 friesshire,' p. 109). 



1719. C. patula L. — Kerner says that the stylar branches of this species roll 

 into spirals of more than 2 turns, and that the flowers hang down during inclement 

 weather. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, spheroidal, beset 

 with numerous spinose tubercles, 25-31 ^k in diameter. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



INIacLeod (Belgium), a bee (Chelostoma sp.) and a butterfly (I^ieris sp.) (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v. 1893, p. 441): (Pyrenees), 2 Muscids (op. cit., iii, 1891, 

 p. 371). Herm. Miiller (Westphalia, Thuringia, and the Bavaraian Oberpfalz), 

 7 bees — I. Andrena coitana K. 5 (Oberpfalz) ; 2. A. gwynana K. j and S, skg. and 

 po-cltg.; 3. A. labialis K. $, skg. (Jena); 4. Chelostoma nigricorne iVy/- S and j, 

 skg. and po-cltg. ; 5. Cilissa haemorrhoidalis F. J and 5, do. (Oberpfalz) ; 6. 

 Halictoides dentiventris Nyl. S and 5, skg. (Lower Franconia) ; 7. Rophites quin- 

 quespinosus Spin. J, do. (Oberpfalz). Alfken (Bremen), 2 bees — Eriades nigricornis 

 Nyl. 5 and S, and E. truncorum L. 5, skg. Schmiedeknecht (Thuringia) and 

 Krieger (Leipzig), the bee Andrena curvungula Thorns. ; Schletterer and von Dalla 

 Torre (Tyrol), 2 bees — Halictus levigatus K. 5 ( = H. lugubris A'.), and Osmia 

 leucomelaena K. j and S. 



1720. C. carpatica Jacq. (Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xx.xviii, 1896.) 

 — The stylar branches of this species are extremely long. During the female stage 

 of anthesis they either simply diverge or curve slightly back, but never roll up, so 

 that autogamy is undoubtedly excluded. Darwin states that the species is self- 

 sterile. The pollen-grains are greyish-green in colour, beset with spinose tubercles, 

 on the average 37 yu, in diameter. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following bees in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — 



I. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 2. Chelostoma campanularum K. 5, 

 creeping right into the flowers and skg. ; 3. C. nigricorne Nyl. 5, do., also po-cltg. ; 

 4. Megachile lagopodaZ. 5, creeping into the flowers, skg. and po-cltg. ; 5. Prosopis 

 communis Nyl. 5. 



