14 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



1721. C. Zoysii Wulf. (Kirchner, Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, liii, 1897, 

 pp. 213-14.) — Kirchner investigated this species in the Hohenheim Botanic Garden, 

 and says that the flowers are borne singly on the low upright stem or its branches. 

 They are directed obliquely downwards. The bright-blue corolla is 16-18 mm. long, 

 and its tube is of truncated conical shape, 12 mm. in length and 8-9 mm. broad at 

 the base, gradually tapering to 4^ mm. The five corolla-lobes aie bent inwards so 

 that their tips and edges touch, the opening of the flower being thus completely 

 closed. Between each pair of lobes the corolla is thrown into a triangular external 

 fold, so that the narrow part of the tube has a sort of five-sided pyramid surrounding 

 it, of which the base is 6-7 mm. broad and the height about 6 mm. The corolla- 

 lobes are beset with white hairs, which help to close the spaces between their edges, 

 though they can be easily separated, e. g. by the head of an insect searching for 

 nectar. The strong white style is 16 mm. long, and its base is surrounded by an 

 orange-red nectary. When mature its end is sharply bent almost at right angles, so 

 that it remains enclosed in the corolla. When the bud is some 10 mm. long the style is 

 about 8 mm., and is closely surrounded by the five stamens, which are of the same 

 length. The bright-yellow anthers dehisce introrsely, and their similarly-coloured 

 pollen thickly covers the hairs which invest the capitate thickening formed by the 

 apposition of the three short stylar branches. The. anthers then shrivel and are 

 retracted into the base of the flower, while the style elongates, and its end becomes 

 bent. Ultimately the stylar branches diverge, but automatic self-pollination does 

 not seem to take place. 



Visitors. — Kirchner only noticed Thrips. 



1722. C. lactiflora Bieb. — 



Visitors. — Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed the bee Prosopis communis 

 Nyl. creeping into the flowers. 



1723. C. Hostii Baumg. — 



Visitors. — As No. 1722. 



1724. C. rhomboidalis L. — 



Visitors. — Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed the bee Chelostoma nigri- 

 corne Nyl. 5, creeping right into the flowers, skg. and po-cltg. 



511. Symphyandra A. DC. 



Kirchner says (Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, liii, 1897, p. 215) that this 

 genus only diff'ers from Campanula in the lateral union of the anthers to form a tube 

 through which the style grows, taking up pollen on its sweeping-hairs as it does so. 



512. Specularia Heist. 



Flowers protandrous with concealed nectar. Corolla wheel-shaped. Mechanism 

 as in Campanula. In the first stage of anthesis pollen is shed on the stylar hairs, 

 and the stigmas unfold during the second. Cleistogamous flowers are sometimes 

 present, and this is the case in all the American species. 



1725. S. Speculum A. DC. (=Campanula Speculum L.). (Kerner, 'Nat. 

 Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 116.)— Kerner says that the violet flowers of this species 



