i6 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



are arranged in a loose raceme, of which the individual blossoms are pendulous 

 and borne on long pedicels directed obliquely upwards. The lobes of the calyx 

 are refiexed, small, green, and possess a few glandular teeth. The corolla is bell- 

 shaped, resembling that of Campanula rotundifolia, with a maximum diameter of 

 about 12 mm.: its tube is lo mm. and its five triangular recurved lobes 6 mm. in 

 length. The filaments are white in colour and covered with woolly hairs : the edges 

 of their broadened bases are close together and connected by the interlocking of 

 their hairs. The anthers are bright-yellow. The base of the style is surrounded by 

 a white 'nectar-collar' 2 mm. high and i^ mm. deep, the cavity of which is filled 

 with nectar, droplets of this being also secreted by its outer surface. The style 

 ultimately attains the length of 24 mm., and projects far out of the corolla. Its basal 

 end is white and its terminal portion blue in colour, and there is a gradual increase 

 in thickness from the former to the latter. The three white stigmatic branches curve 

 away from one another. The protandrous mechanism agrees with that of Campanula. 

 Shortly before the flower opens the anthers shed their pollen upon the stylar hairs, 

 and the stamens then become retracted. The stylar branches ultimately bend back 

 so far that their tips touch the style. 



1729. A. verticillata Fisch. ; 1730. A. stylosa Fisch. ; 1731. A. peri- 

 plocaefolia A. DC. ; 1732. A. marsupiiflora Fisch. ( = A. coronata ^ . Z'C. ; and 

 1733. A. Lamarkii Fisch. — These species have not been investigated in detail, but 

 Kirchner (op. cit.) states that their flower mechanism essentially agrees with that 

 of A. communis. They present differences in the way of branching and number 

 of flowers of the inflorescences, as well as in the size and shape of the corolla. This 

 may be bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, while in the case of A. verticillata it is tubulo- 

 campanulate and only 9 mm. long. In several species (e. g. A. verticillata, A. stylosa, 

 A. periplocaefolia, and A. marsupiiflora) the style projects from the corolla as in 

 A. communis, but in the rest it is of the same length as the corolla or sometimes 

 shorter. The nectar-collar is particularly long in A. marsupiiflora, being a cylinder 

 7 mm. long with a toothed and hairy margin. In A. Lamarkii and A. stylosa it is of 

 the same length as in A. communis, and in other species shorter. 



Visitors. — Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed 2 hover-flies on A. stylosa 

 (Melanostoma mellina L., outside the flowers, and Platycheirus scutatus, po-dvg.). 



514. Trachelium Tourn. 



Protandrous Lepidopterid flowers. Delpino (' Ult. oss.,' pp. 71-4) and Hilde- 

 brand (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxviii, 1870, p. 624) describe the species of this genus as 

 markedly protandrous. In the first stage of anthesis the pollen clings to the hairy 

 thickened end of the style, which has grown up between the anthers in the bud and 

 taken it up. As the hairs wither the pollen is easily removed by insect visitors. In 

 the last stage of anthesis the papillose stigma is developed. 



1734. T. caeruleum L. (Kirchner, Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, liii, 1897, 

 pp. 217-18; Delpino, 'Ult. oss.,' I, 2, pp. 22 et seq.) — Kirchner and Delpino give 

 the following account of the flower mechanism. — 



Although' the flowers are small compared to those of Campanula they are vertical 

 and associated together in a flat-topped cyme of considerable size, the conspicuous- 



